Steven Martinez

Matthew Notta
Bradlee Burnham
 -History of Tidal Energy-
• 787: simple technique of a waterwheel by the
Spanish, French, and British
• 1966: “La Rance” tidal power plant went in
operation.
• 2001: British Parliament states “the world
can no longer neglect the massive potential
of wave and tidal energy”
• 2002-present: Large investments in research
and prototypes spark proposals in Turkey,
China, and United States; among others
 -History of Wave Energy-
• 1799: First patent of a device designed to
use ocean waves to generate power
• 1910: First oscillating water column was
built by Bochaux-Praceique to power his
house
• 1940s: Yoshio Masuda experimented with
many concepts of wave power
• 2004: Wave power was delivered to an
electrical grid for the first time
 -Tidal Stream Generators-
• Very close in concept to traditional windmills
• Most popular prototype on the market
• Prototype sites include Norway, England, and
New York.
– In 2007 8 prototype turbines where placed in the
East River between Queens and Roosevelt
Island.
• It is the first major tidal power project in the USA
• Powers 1/3 of a parking garage and a supermarket
 -SeaGen-
• World’s first large scale
commercial tidal stream
generator.
• First one was installed in the
Strangford Narrows (Ireland)
• Generates 1.2MW between
18-20 hours a day
• Blades span 16 meters in
diameter
•http://www.energysavers. gov/renewable_energy/ocean/index.cfm/mytopic=50009
 -Barrage Tidal Power: Rance Power Station-

• Located on Rance
River, France
• 750 meters long
• 24 Turbines
• Capacity of 240MW
• Annual output of 600GWh
• Supplies 0.012% of
Frances power supply.
• Opened 1966

•http://www.energysavers. gov/renewable_energy/ocean/index.cfm/mytopic=50009
-Calculations: Tidal Stream Generators-

P = the power generated (in watts)

ξ = the turbine efficiency
ρ = the density of the water (seawater is 1025 kg/m³)
A = the sweep area of the turbine (in m²)
V = the velocity of the flow

*Power equation is based on the kinetic energy of the moving water*

-Calculation: Barrage Tidal Power-

• E = energy
• ρ = the density of the water (seawater is 1025
kg/m³)
• A = horizontal area of the barrage basin
• G = Gravity (9.81m/s2)
• H = Vertical Tide Range
* The potential energy available from a barrage is dependent
on * the volume of water.
 -Environmental Impact-
• Mortality rates of fish swimming threw
the turbine is around 15%
• Sonic guidance to get fish to avoid the
turbine
• Placement of barrage turbines into
estuaries can change entire
ecosystems
• Alters flow of saltwater possibly
changing hydrology & salinity
• Sediment movement also can effect the
ecosystem
-Comparison to Wind Energy-
• Tidal Stream generators draw energy in the
same basic way wind turbines do
• Higher density of water allows a single
generator to provide significantly more
power
• Water speeds of nearly 1/10 the speed of
wind can provide the same energy output
• Current in water is much more reliable then
wind in the air.
 -Economics of Tidal Power-
• The cost of building a Tidal Power plant
can have a high capital cost.
• UK: $15 Billion
• 8000MW

• Philippines: $3 Billion
• 2200MW
• Operating costs are low and usually come
from maintenance
 -What You Can Do-
• In the Amazon helical turbine technology
are being used to generate small scale electricity
for rural communities.
• rural residents are dispersed and cannot be
reached economically by power lines from
central generators.
• The only decentralized options available to them
now are: solar panels and diesel generation.
Configuration:
• The helical turbine rotates on a shaft with a
pulley that runs an alternator by means of a belt.
• The alternator charges batteries
 -Amazon Project-

(b) Pulley and belt

(c) Automotive alternator

(a) 6-blade helical turbine

www.globalcoral.org/UNCSD%20SUMMARY.ppt
 -Amazon Project-
• Energy production: 120 A-h/day
• 8 solar panels (75 Wp), installed: US$ 5690
• Tide-Energy generating station: US$ 2800

• Numbers on: Annual operating costs (120 A-h/day)*

– 1000 VA diesel generator: US$ 1397
– Tide-Energy generating station: US$ 824
* Includes fuel, labor, maintenance, and depreciation
• For a single Tide-Energy generating station:
– Annual Receipts (charging 5 batteries/day) 1750
– Costs (labor, maintenance, and depreciation) 824
– Profit US$ 926
 -Wave Power-
• Salter’s Duck design
• Could stop 90% of wave motion and
could convert 90% of that to electricity
• Shut down because of an error in
calculating the cost, which wasn’t
discovered until 2008, and the program
had been shut down in 1982
 -How it Works-
• The “duck” device bobs back and forth as waves
pass, this motion moves a pendulum that is
connected to a generator that produces electricity

http://www.permaculture.org.au/images/ocean_power_salters_duck.gif
 -Some Companies-
• Some companies designing mechanisms
– Wavegen
» Limpet
– Ocean Power Delivery
» Pelamis tube
– Renewable Energy Holdings
» CETO
– Oyster Wave Energy devices
-Advantages and Disadvantages-
• Advantages
– The energy is free – no fuel needed, no waste
produced
– Not expensive to operate and maintain
– Can produce a great deal of energy
• Disadvantages
– Depends on the waves – sometimes you’ll get
loads of energy, sometimes almost nothing
– Needs a suitable site, where waves are
consistently strong
– Some designs are noisy. But then again, so are
waves, so any noise is unlikely to be a problem
– Must be able to withstand
 -Environmental Impact-
– Noise pollution
– Displace productive fishing sites
– Change the pattern of beach sand
nourishment
– Alter food chains and disrupt migration
patterns
– Offshore devices will displace bottom-
dwelling organisms where they connect
into the
 -Sources-
• (2006). Tidal Energy Industry Boom. Retrieved http://www.alternative-energy-
news.info/tidal-energy-industry-boom/
• (2008). Renewable Energy: Ocean Wave Power. Retrieved http://www.energysavers.
gov/renewable_energy/ocean/index.cfm/mytopic=50009
• (2009) Ocean Wave Energy. Retrieved http://ocsenergy.anl.gov/guide/wave/index.cfm
• (2010). America’s Premiere Wave Power Farm Sets Sail. Retrieved http://www.
alternative-energy-news.info/wave-power-farm-sets-sail/
• (2010). History of Tidal Energy. Retrieved.
http://www.google.com/#q=history+of+tidal +energy&hl=en&tbs=tl
:1&tbo=u&ei=nPavS6aeAYH48Ab-q6y9Dw&sa=X&oi
=timeline_result&ct=title&resnum=11&ved=0CDgQ5wIwCg&fp=1&cad=b
• Kirke, B. (2006) Developments in ducted water current turbines. Retrieved
http://www.cyberiad.net/library/pdf/bk_tidal_paper25apr06.pdf
• Lamb, H. (1994) Hydrodynamics. England. Cambridge University Press.
• Meyer, R. (2009). Tidal energy . Retrieved from http://www.oceanenergycouncil.com/
index.php/Tidal-Energy/Tidal-Energy.html
• Tayor, P. (2007). Seagen Tidal Power Installation. Retrieved http://www.alternative-
energy-news.info/seagen-tidal-power-installation/