- due to inconsistencies in density measurements • Incorrect technique of sample taking - taking the sample in a very small volume and took again by adding with the precious one • Batch Extraction of Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) - The solvent and effluent liquor are very volatile. Hence, the volume measured may be lower than the actual volume • Contamination of the solvent - Before starting the experiment, there was already presence of solvent in the reboiler