Transmission of Electrical Energy

Dr. H. Zidan
Basic Structure of Electric System

Source: www.nerc.com
 Overview
• Electrical energy is carried by conductors
(overhead transmission lines and underground
cables
• Transmission lines types (high voltage, low
voltage, high power, low power, aerial lines
and under ground lines.
• Ways the voltage and power flow are
controlled in an electric utility system.
 Principal components of power
distribution system
• Distribution must satisfy basic
requirements
1. Provide the power consumers need at all times
2. Maintain a stable nominal voltage that does not
vary by more than 10%
3. Maintain a stable frequency that does not vary
more than 0.1%
4. Supply energy at an acceptable price
5. Meet standards of safety
6. Respect environmental standards
Principal components of power
distribution system
 Types of Power lines

• Types depends upon the following

1. The amount of active power it has to transmit
2. The distance over which the power must be carried
3. The cost of the power line
4. Esthetic consideration, urban congestion, ease of installation
and expected load growth
 Types of Power lines
• Low voltage (LV) power lines
Usually insulated up to 600V
• Medium voltage (MV) power lines
Uninsulated from 2.4 kV up to 69 kV.
• High voltage (HV) power lines
Connect between the main substation to the generating
station, the voltage usually below 230 kV
• Extra high voltage (EHV) power lines
For far distances operates at voltages up to 800 kV and
may be as long as 1000 km.