Design of Earthquake Resistance

Steel Frame
Session 3
Gravitational Load Analysis of Earth Quake Resistance Steel
Frame

Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 1

 Load Type of Steel Frame
• Gravitional Load
– Dead load
– Live Load
• Lateral Load
– Earth quake Load
– Wind load
• Notional Load

2 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Gravitional Load

• Dead Load
– Load that work permanently on structure from:
• Structure element self weight
• Additional non structural element weight
• live Load
– Load that work temporary on structure from:
• use of buliding including furniture weight and person
weight

3 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Lateral Load

• Earth Quake Load

– Load that work on structure from Seismic
vibration, type of eerth quake force analysis:
• Eqivalent Static Load
• Response spectrume Load
• Time history
• Wind load
– lateral load that work on structure from wind
blow:

4 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Notional Load
• Notional load is a lateral vritual load that applied to frame to
carryout the effect of geometric imprefection esspecially on
column strightness imprefection

Source: SNI 2015

5 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Notional Load
• Notional load is a lateral vritual load that applied to
frame to carryout of the effect of geometric
imprefection esspecially on column strightness
imprefection

Source: SNI 2015

6 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Load Standard

7 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 7

 Live Load

Source: SNI 1727:2013

8 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 8

 Source: SKBI 1987

9 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Source: SKBI 1987

10 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Source: SKBI 1987

11 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Steel Frame Example

12 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 12

 Example

Live Load

Tegel keramik 10 – 15 kg/m2

Spesi layer, depth 2 – 3 cm, Volume weigth ± 1900 kg/m3
Sand layer, depth 3 – 5 cm, Volume ± 1750 kg/m3
Concrete slab 12 cm depth, Volume weigth ± 2400 kg/m3

Example
1. Slab weigth : 0,12(1)(1).2400 = 288,0 kg/m2
2. Sand layer : 0,05(1)(1).1750 = 87,5 kg/m2
3. Spesi layer : 0,025(1)(1).2000 = 50,0 kg/m2
4. Ceramic weigth : = 12,5 kg/m2
Slab Dead Load = 443 kg/m2  4,45 kN/m2

13 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 13

 Deck Gravity Load Distribution
L1 L1 L1 L1
3

L2 ½ L2
L2
2 ½ L2
a=45o
L2
1 Slab Yield Line
A B C D
q (kN/m)
a=45o

½ L2 L1-L2 ½ L2
L1

q (kN/m) = Q (kN/m2) x tapezodial heigth

q (kN/m) = Q (kN/m2) x ½ L2

14 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Deck Gravity Load Distribution
L1 L1 L1 L1
3

L2 ½ L2
L2
2 ½ L2
a=45o
L2
1 Slab Yield Line
A B C D

q(kN/m)
a=45o
½ L2 ½ L2
L2
q (kN/m) = Q (kN/m2) x Triangle heigth

q (kN/m) = Q (kN/m2) x ½ L2

15 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 L1 L1 L1
3
Y L2

2
L2
1
A B C D
x
q (kN/m)
a=45o
2q 2R
q (kN/m) R (kN) q(kN/m) 2q
R ½ L2 L1-L2 ½ L2 R
L1
R= Secondary beam reaction

𝑇𝑎𝑝𝑒𝑧𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎

R=
2
1
2
(𝐿1+ 𝐿1−𝐿2 )×𝑞 ×2
Exterior Y direction Frame R= Interior Y direction Frame
2
Frame b&C
Frame A&D

16 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 L1 L1 L1
3
Y L2

2
L2
1
A B C D
x

q (kN/m) q (kN/m) q (kN/m)

X direction (Frame 1&3)

17 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Roof Gravity Load

Rain force

Source: SKBI 1987

Live load
Worker
Source: SNI 2013

18 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Roof Gravity Load Example
2Lr ,2ADL,2R
G
L2 Lr ,ADL,R Lr ,ADL,R

Lr ,ADL,R Lr ,ADL,R
G
K-1 K-1 K-1 K-1 a=25o
G L2 K-1

G
Lr : roof live load (worker man)
ADL : Aditional Dead Load (roof closer)
L1 L1 L1 R : Rain
Segment
Roof closer : qADL (kN/m2)
(L1)
Number of gording for 1 side (N)=3
Main concept: Lr : worker live load = 1,33 kN
1
𝑇𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑖 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 × 𝑞 Roof Tributari Area (Ar) Ar =L1xL2x (m2)
Load= 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝛼

Ar x qADL
Roof closer weigth (ADL) ADL = (kN)
𝑁

(40−0,8a)x(L1xL2)
Rain drop R= × 0,00981 (kN)
𝑁

19 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Gravity Load Distribution

Lr,ADL,R 2Lr 2ADL,2R

Lr ,ADL,R Lr ,ADL,R
½ (Lr ,ADL,R) ½ (Lr ,ADL,R)
½(Lr ,ADL,R) Lr ,ADL,R Lr ,ADL,R
½(Lr ,ADL,R)

2q 2R 2q
q R q

Interior Y direction Frame

Exterior Y direction Frame
Frame b&C
Frame A&D

20 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Gravity Load Distribution

Lr ,ADL,R Lr ,ADL,R Lr ,ADL,R

Lr ,ADL,R

q (kN/m) q (kN/m) q (kN/m)

X direction (Frame 1&3)

21 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Wind Load

Source : SKBI 1987

22 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Wind load

+0,9
Source : SKBI 1987

23 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 W3
W2
Example Wind Load

G
a=25o
L2
G
K-1 K-1 K-1 K-1

G L2 W4
W1
G

L1 L1 L1
Segment (L1)
Calculation for 1 segment (L1):
Number of gording for 1 side = 3 unit

W1 = (+0,9x25kg/m2)xL1x0,00981 = .......... kN/m 1

W2 = ((+0,02x25-0,4)x25kg/m2)
2 3
x1/cos(a)L1xL2x0,00981)/3 = .......... kN W4 =(-0,4x25kg/m2)xL1x 0,00981= .......... kN/m
W3 = ((0,4)x25kg/m2)x1/cos(a)
xL1xL2x0,00981)/3 = .......... kN

24 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

Example result Wind Load

W2= (kN)

W4 (kN/m)
W1 (kN/m)

1 2 3

25 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Example
L1 L1 L1
3
a=35o

IWF350x175
L2 H
IWF 500 x200
2

IWF 500 x200

L2 H
H 300x300
1 IWF 500 x200

A B C D
H
Building use : Housing
Concrete deck : 13 cm
Flooring : keramik
1 2 3
Roof closer : Zink deck
Ceiling : Eternit
L1 :6m
L2 :6m
H : 3,5 m

26 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Example Gravity Load in Slab
Housing live load: 1,49 kN/m2 (SNI:2013)

Tegel keramik 10 – 15 kg/m2

Spesi layer, depth 2 – 3 cm, Volume weigth ± 1900 kg/m3
Sand layer, depth 3 – 5 cm, Volume ± 1750 kg/m3
Concrete slab 13 cm depth, Volume weigth ± 2400 kg/m3

Ceiling hangger 7 kg /m2

Eternit Ceiling 11 kg/m2

Slab weigth : 0,13x2400 = 312,0 kg/m2

Sand layer : 0,03mx1750 = 52,5 kg/m2
Spesi layer : 0,025x 1900 = 38,0 kg/m2
Ceramic weigth : = 12,5 kg/m2
Ceilling Hanger = 7,0 kg/m2
Eternit ceiling = 11,0 kg/m2
Slab Dead Load = 433 kg/m2  4,25 kN/m2

27 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Calculation for Y frame ½ L1
L1 L1 L1
3 L1 = 6 m
L2 = 6 m
L2 L2
Y
2 QADL = 4,25 kN/m2
L2 qADL = 4,25 x ¼ 6
= 6,375 kN/m a=45o
1
2qADL = 12,75 kN/m ¼ L1
A B C D
x QLL = 1,49 kN/m2
qLL = 1,49 x ¼ 6
= 2,235 kN/m
2qLL = 4,47 kN/m
2qADL2qLL 2qADL, 2qLL

2qADL, 2qLL 2qADL, 2qLL

2qADL,2qLL

1,5 3 1,5
Frame B 1-2-3

28 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Calculation For X Frame
L1 L1 L1
1
3 L1 = 6 m qDL = 4,25x ¼(6)
L2 = 6 m = 6,375 kN/m
L2
Y QADL= 4,25 kN/m2 qLL = 1,49x ¼(6)
2 QLL= 1,49 KN/m2 = 2,235 kN/m
L2

1
A 1 B C D 2qADL,2qLL
x

2R 2R 2R

Frame 2 A-B-C-D

29 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 Calculation For X Frame

L1 = 6 m qADL = 4,25x ¼(6)

L2 = 6 m = 6,375 kN/m  2qADL = 12,75 kN/m
QADL= 4,25 kN/m2 qLL = 1,49x ¼(6)
QLL= 1,49 KN/m2 = 2,235 kN/m 2qLL = 4,47 kN/m

Secondary beam Reaction:

2qADL,2qLL
R=
1
1,5 3 1,5 2
(3+6)×12,75
R Secondary beam
ADL RADL= = 28,687 kN
R 2

1
(3+6)×4,47
LL  RLL = 2
= 10,057 kN
2

30 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

 L1= 3,A (m)
The TASK

L2 = 4,B (m)
5

IWF350x175
Building use : office
4 Concrete deck : 13 cm
Flooring : keramik
a=30o Roof closer : Zink deck

IWF 500 x200

H 300x300 No ceiling H= 3,C (m)
3 IWF 500 x200

H= 3,C (m)
IWF profile:
2 Coloum : 300x300 IWF 500 x200
Main bm : 500x200
Secondary : 350x175
H= 3,C (m)
Roof : 150x100
1
A B C D
A B C D

31 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 31