Disease

Disease
 Does not allow the body to
function normally
 Can affect individual organs
or an entire body system
 Divided into two groups –
infectious and non-infectious
Infectious Disease
 A disease that can be passed from
organism to organism
 Caused by tiny organisms called
PATHOGENS
 3 KINDS OF
PATHOGENS
Bacteria
Viruses
Fungi
Pathogens can come from

 Another person
Contaminated objects
Animal bite
Environment
When a pathogen
enters the body
Itworks by damaging
individual cells within
the organs
In some cases it
attacks an entire body
system
Some Infectious Diseases
You Should Know
Colds
Flu
Strep Throat
Athlete’s Foot
AIDS
 Colds
 Illnesscaused by a viral infection
located in the respiratory system
 The cold virus multiplies and
attacks the mucous membranes
of the nose and throat causing
the common effects of the cold
(sore throat, runny nose, fever…)
 Cold can not be treated with an
antibiotic because it is caused by
a virus
 Flu
Influenza, commonly known
as “the flu”, is a highly
contagious viral disease of the
respiratory system
Typically causes fever, muscle
aches, and a more severe
cough than the common
cold and usually lasts longer
 Athlete’s foot
Common fungal infection of
the skin of the feet
May be contracted from
public environments
Grows in the warm and moist
environment usually between
the toes
Difficult to cure
 AIDS
Acquired immunodeficiency
syndrome (AIDS)
Caused by the human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
The virus attacks the cells in
the immune system making
the organism unable to fight
off other pathogens that may
attack the body
 Strep Throat
Contagious disease caused
by bacterial infection
Symptoms include fever, pain,
redness and swelling of the
throat and tonsils
May produce mild or severe
symptoms
 Let’s follow the
journey of a
pathogen as it
attacks its victim!
What type of pathogen is
Salmonella?
 Salmonella
is a bacterium

What was the source of

the pathogen?
Sourceof the pathogen
Contaminated food

What is the first

defense?
Stomach acid destroys
some of the bacteria
Macrophages try to
destroy the Salmonella

What does the body do

next to try and get rid of
the pathogen?
 How does Salmonella attack
the body?

Enters the cells of the

villi and destroys them
The destroyed cells
release distress
chemicals
What causes the diarrhea?
 The waves of peristalsis are
so rapid that the large
intestine is unable to
absorb the water

How does Salmonella

cause your body to ache?
 The chemicals released from
the cells leak into the blood
stream and go into the
muscle tissue

Does the medicine kill

the Salmonella?
How does the immune
system begin to
respond to the
Salmonella invasion?
 The immune system
identifies the pathogen
and produces helper
cells
 Helper cells “help” the
macrophages to do their
job – destroy the
Salmonella
 Non-infectious
Diseases
Not caused by pathogens
in the body
Not spread from organism
to organism
Non-infectious Diseases are caused by
malfunctions in the body.

Heredity – information you

get from your parents
The environment – examples
are sun, radiation, chemicals
Lifestyle choices – smoking,
drugs, alcohol
 Types of Noninfectious
Diseases

Diabetes
Asthma
Parkinson’s
disease
Skin Cancer
 Diabetes
A disease that results in
glucose (sugar) level being
higher than normal.
It is caused by the person’s
inability to either produce
or use properly a natural
chemical made in the
body (pancreas) called
insulin.
Diabetes may
lead to

Kidney disease
Heart disease
Vision problems
High levels of blood sugar
lead to disorders

Like an increase in
problems with
circulation
 Parkinson’s
Disease
Disease of the nervous
system that occurs
when nerve cells in the
brain stop functioning
properly, affecting the
muscular system
 Parkinson’s
Disease
Major symptoms
 Severe shaking (tremors)
 Disabilities involving
movement
At present, there is
no cure
Skin Cancer
Disease in which skin
cells found in the
outer layers of the
skin become
damaged.
 Factors that lead
to Skin Cancer
Damaging ultraviolet
rays (UV) from the
sun or tanning beds
heredity
 Asthma
Affects the lungs and
the airways that
deliver air to the lungs
Causes periodic
attacks of wheezing
and difficulty
breathing
Asthma attacks
 Occur when the airways
become inflamed in
response to a stimulus,
such as dust, mold, pets,
exercise, or cold weather
 Some attacks start for no
apparent reason
Resources
 Body Story: Germs. Discovery Channel School. 2002.
unitedstreaming. 5 December 2006
<http://www.unitedstreaming.com/>
 www.a1organics.com/images/pathogens.jpg
 www.monografias.com/trabajos5/virus/Image166.gif
 www.uwlax.edu/.../Visuals/athletesfoot.jpg
 www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/.../paramecium1.gif
 www.fordogtrainers.com
 moon.ouhsc.edu
 www.wcasohio.org
 www.kidsplanet.org
 www.missouri.edu
 tiee.ecoed.net
 www.moea.state.mn.us
 colds.upmc.com