 The research done adopts the rule of

thumb (estimation made according to a

rough and ready practical rule, not
based on science or exact
measurement. )
 ethnography is an interpretive attempt
by fallible human beings (capable of
making mistakes or being wrong)
 It is a qualitative research (do not apply
statistical method)
 Researches may bring along previous,
experience, pre conceptions and ideas
which can influence the results
 introducing complex threats to validity
 increasing the time and cost demands
compared to other methods
 raising the potential for impactee
reactivity to the evaluator
 limiting the ability to compare the data
from different measurement instruments.
 Evaluation is the systematic assessment of the worth or merit of
some object.

 Evaluation is the systematic acquisition and assessment of

information to provide useful feedback
about some object.

Both definitions agree that evaluation is a systematic endeavour and

both use the term 'object' which refers to a program, policy,
technology, person, need, activity, and so on.
The latter definition emphasizes acquiring and assessing information
rather than assessing worth or merit because all evaluation work
involves collecting and sifting through data, making judgments about
the validity of the information and of inferences we derive from
it, whether or not an assessment of worth or merit results.
 Identify a culture –sharing group or case
to study
 Focus on cultural concept(power,
acculturation)- I may be very broad
 Provide evidence how this group has
established over time-pattern of
behaviour , language or beliefs
 Researcher enggage in the field work to
gather evidence through multiple
sources( interviews and observation )
 Show an analysis of this evidence through a
detailed description of the culture sharing
group and in the context in which it exist,
themes that summarize major ideas about
how the group works, and intrepretations
that suggests how the group works (culture
at work)
 Researcher – reflecting on their own role in
the study and how their background ,
gender and history, shape the account
(interpretation) that they report