HISTORY OF 1G/2G/3G&4G

CELLULAR TECHNOLOGY
 UMTS
 UMTS is Universal Mobile Telecommunication
System.
 It is one of the THIRD GENERATION(3G) mobile
phone technology
 It is standardized by 3GPP, and is the European
answer to the ITU IMT-2000 requirements for 3G
cellular radio systems
 It is an evolution of GSM technology
 UMTS, the 3G successor to GSM which utilizes the
W-CDMA air interface and GSM infrastructures .so it
is also called 3GSM
 UMTS SPECTRUM
 BANDWIDTH IS 5MHZ.
 SPECTRUM SPECIFIED BY WARC-92 IS
1900MHZ FOR UPLINK AND 2100MHZ
FOR DOWNLINK
 Over 120 licenses have already been awarded
to operators worldwide (as of December
2004), specifying W-CDMA radio access
technology that builds on GSM
Different Environments for
UMTS

Global

Suburban
Urban

In- Building
Micro-Cell
Home-Cell

Macro-Cell Pico-Cell
Packet
switch
domain
 Upgradation of UMTS
 UMTS networks have been or are in the
process of being upgraded with High Speed
Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), HSUPA
(high speed uplink packet access) sometimes
known as 3.5G which improves the speed up
to 14mbps.
 HSDPA enables downlink transfer speeds
of up to 10 Mbit/s.
 HSUPA improves the uplink speed up to
5.76Mbps.
 Mobile Multimedia Services

Mobile Multimedia Broadcast

2M Database Access
Video Internet Remote medical
Information
Conference service
(High quality) Access (Medical image) Video on Distribution
384K Video demand Mobile TV
Catalog Services
-Sports
Video shopping -News News
Conference -Movies
(Low quality) WWW 　
64K Weather
forecast
e-mail Electronic ISDN
Newspaper Karaoke Traffic Mobile
32K information Radio
ftp Voice
Telephone
Mail Electronic pager Sports
16K Conference
IP Publishing information
telephony Leisure
9.6K Information
Telephone etc Electronic FAX Image
2.4K Mail
Data
1.2K Voice

Symmetric Asymmetric Multicast

Point to Point Multi Point

 FUTURE ASPECT OF UMTS
 UMTS’ QoS mechanisms also can support
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), the final
stage of the UMTS vision, where voice and data
travel over the same packet infrastructure. That
design reduces the need for, and cost of, a
separate infrastructure for circuit-switched
voice

 3GPP Long Term Evolution project plans to

move UMTS to 4G speeds of 100 Mbit/s down
and 50 Mbit/s up, using a next generation air
interface technology based upon OFDM.
 ASPECTS OF 4G

 Following the evolutionary line of cell phone technology standards that has
spanned from 1G, 2G, 2.5G to 3G, 4G describes the entirely brave new world
beyond advanced 3G networks. the third generation

 4G, which is also known as “beyond 3G” or “fourth-generation” cell phone

technology, refers to the entirely new evolution and a complete 3G replacement in
wireless communications.

 Just as data-transmission speeds increased from 2G to 3G, the leap from 3G to

4G again promises even higher data rates than existed in previous generations. 4G
promises voice, data and high-quality multimedia in real-time (“streamed”) form
all the time and anywhere.
Inter-working between two radio access networks
Tight coupling
Inter-working between two radio access networks
Very tight coupling
Inter-working between two radio access networks
Open coupling
 Inter-Working

Billing SIP Proxy Signalling WAP Accounting IS

VHE Server Gateway
P

The
Internet
Satellite FES
Context-aware information
Centre
IP backbone

Broadcast Networks
(DAB, DVB-T)
GSM /
GPRS
UMTS
IP-based
micro-mobility Wireless
LANs
 Re-configuration Procedures

Reconfiguration Initiated by network

Trigger operator or user

Mode Mode What networks are

Monitoring Identification available?

What is the most suitable

Mode
network (based on QoS, user
Negotiation
preferences etc.)?

Mode Switch
Decision on preferred mode
Decision

Download software
Software Reconfigure
modules that are
Download Terminal
required for the target
 Conclusion

Reconfigurable IP Technology
Technology

4G
Vision

Agent Technology
 Limitation of 3G/4G/ Next Generation Mobile
Technology

 No large user community for advanced mobile data applications yet.

 Growing divergence between telecommunications vendors and operators.

 Not possible to offer full internet experience due to limited speed and
bandwidth.

 Comparatively higher cost to use and deploy infrastructure compared fast

mobile generation.

 Since 3G mobile is still in the market, 4G reduces the market competition in the
mobile industry.
 The complexity of the problem: user prospective

From a user prospective

Multiple Heterogeneous network

operators UMTS DVB WLAN
part of

Multiple user environments

accessed using

Multiple heterogeneous devices

owned by Laptop
PDA

heterogeneous users
 Inter-working examples – network
centric
Load balancing i.e. Using DVB to multicast or broadcast to
large number of users

Handovers i.e. Users in train moving outside the coverage of

a network

Slide:20
Slide:20-40
-40
 5G THE REAL WIRELESS WORLD

 4G just right started from 2002 and there are many

standards and technologies, which are still in developing
process.

 Therefore, no one can really sure what the future 4G will

look like and what services it will offer to people.

 4G is the evolution based on 3G’s limitation and it will

fulfill the idea of WWWW(5G), World Wide Wireless Web,
offering more services and smooth global roaming with
inexpensive cost.
 Hierarchical coverage layers for 5G

IP-based backbone

Global coverage Satellite

Regional coverage DAB and DVB-T, DVB-S

National coverage 2G, 3G and 4G Cellular

Local area coverage

Wireless LANs

Personal area coverage

Wireless PANs

Vertical Handover

Horizontal Handover
THANK YOU
Questions?