Overview of other J2EE

technologies
Version 1.0
Introduction
•The three primary components of J2EE application are:
– Servlet
– JSP
– EJB
•In addition to these, J2EE provides additional technologies
which helps in building J2EE applications.
•This session is an overview of all these technologies.

TCS Internal 7 July 2018

Technologies
•Java Messaging Service
•JavaMail
•JNDI
•JAAS

TCS Internal 7 July 2018

Java Messaging Service (JMS)
•JMS is a wrapper API that standardizes messaging
functionality of other service providers such as IBM MQSeries,
etc.
•JMS does not provide any services directly.
•It facilitates to access messaging facilities provided by different
messaging-service provider.

TCS Internal 7 July 2018

Messaging
•Messaging is a means by which distributed applications
communicate with each other.
•A message is a self-contained package of business data and
routing headers.
•Message based applications communicate asynchronously
through a message server.
•Services that support message-based applications are known
as message-oriented middleware.

TCS Internal 7 July 2018

JMS Features
•JMS supports clustered, high-availability message servers.
•JMS supports transaction to ensure that related messages are
either delivered together or not at all.
•JMS messages can be accessed/processed by message
driven beans.
•JMS, unlike RMI helps create loosely coupled applications.

TCS Internal 7 July 2018

Message Structure
•Headers
– Fixed set of metadata fields
•Properties
– Set of key-value pairs used for application specific purpose.
•Body
– The actual content to be sent.

TCS Internal 7 July 2018

Message Types
•ByteMessage
– A stream of bytes
•MapMessage
– A set of key-value paiars
•ObjectMessage
– Serialized object instance
•StreamMessage
– A stream of primitives
•TextMessage
– A String instance

TCS Internal 7 July 2018

Types of Messaging
•Point-to-point messaging
– Messages send through queues.
– Only one consumer can consume a message.
•Publish-and-subscribe messaging
– Messages are sent through topics.
– Many subscribers can consume messages.

TCS Internal 7 July 2018

Message Components
•Destinations
– Place where the message is sent.
– Specific type of destinations are queues (point-to-point
systems) and topics (publish-subscribe) systems.
– Destinations are configured by messaging server.
– Destinations are not created by application, but can be
obtained by JNDI lookup.
•Connections
– This represents the connection between the application
and messaging server over which messages can be sent.

TCS Internal 7 July 2018

Message Components (Contd.)
•Connection Factories
– Connections cannot be directly instantiated.
– Connection factory creates connection objects.
– Connection factory is found by JNDI lookup.
•Sessions
– Messages are not directly sent and received.
– Session serves as a factory which is used by message,
producers and consumers.
– Session provides transactional behavior for the work done
by its producers and consumers.
– Defines serial order for the messages.
– Retains messages until they are acknowledged.
TCS Internal 7 July 2018
Message Components (Contd.)
•Producers
– Producers represent objects which produce message.
•Consumers
– Consumers represent objects which consumer message.

TCS Internal 7 July 2018

Java Mail
•JavaMail API is an abstract suite of classes for handling
message-based systems.
•JavaMail makes it easy to incorporate complete e-mail
connectivity within any Java program, Servlet, bean, or applet.

TCS Internal 7 July 2018

Mail Protocols
•Protocols define the way mails are packages and sent.
•The three popular mail transfer protocols are:
– SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
•Designed to deliver mails to server
– POP3 (Post Office Protocol Version 3)
•Popular mechanism to collect/read mails.
– Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
•Rich set of functionalities.

TCS Internal 7 July 2018

JavaMail Functions
•The major functions of JavaMail API are:
– Session Management
•Manages all aspects of communication
•Means for mail to interact with network
– Message Manipulation
•Used to create and manipulate mails.
– Mail Storage and Retrieval
•Used to store mails in hierarchical structure.
– Transportation
•Takes care of delivery of mails.

TCS Internal 7 July 2018

JAAS
•JAAS stands for Java Authentication and Authorization
Services.
•JAAS is the security mechanism of preventing unauthorized
users into J2EE application.

TCS Internal 7 July 2018

JASS Mechanisms
•Authentication services
– These services ensure that every user is authorized to use
system and its resources
– This essentially matches with the underlying operating
system’s access mechanism.
•Authorization services
– These services associate a set of permissions with each
user.
– This helps in granting differing levels of access to different
users.

TCS Internal 7 July 2018

JAAS Security Realms
•JAAS Security Realm is a logical grouping of users and
services that make sense.
•It may be:
– Users using a particular machine
– Users working for a company / division / workgroup.

TCS Internal 7 July 2018

JNDI
•Naming service essentially translates human-friendly names to
machine-friendly names.
•Normally these are called directory services associating names
as well as assign some additional attributes.
•Directory services are important in network infrastructure,
because they enable users and applications to look up network
resources.
•JNDI provides a set of API that provide directory and naming
services to Java applications.

TCS Internal 7 July 2018

JNDI Packages
•Naming
– Used to access simple naming services.
•Directory
– Used to access directory services.
•Event
– Handles event notification
•LDAP
– Deals with LDAP controls and operations
•SPI
– Consists of Service Provider Interface (SPI) classes and
interfaces used by LDAP
TCS Internal 7 July 2018
Java Transaction API (JTA)
•All transactions with the database should be atomic with ACID
property.
•In normal applications local transaction takes place which is
easy to manage.
•In distributed applications, various applications will be involved
in transaction and somebody should take care.
•JTA provides interface that can communicate with JTS (Java
Transaction Service).

TCS Internal 7 July 2018

Reference
•James Mc Govern, et. al., J2EE 1.4. Bible
•S Allamaraju, et. al., Professional Java Server Programming,
J2EE 1.3 Ed.

TCS Internal 7 July 2018