Building Plumbing

Systems Design
Eng. Mohammad Eslam
Ababneh
LECTURE 02
TOILET FACILITIES
 Toilet Facility
TOILET FACILITY: A room or space that
contains not less than one water closet and one
lavatory.
[IPC-2015-CH2]
 Types of Toilet Facilities:
1. Unisex Toilet Facilities.
2. Separate Male / Female Toilet Facilities.
3. Family or assisted use Toilet Facilities.
 1.Unisex Toilet Facilities
This type of toilet are allowed in:

1. In dwelling units and sleeping units.

2. Where total occupant load of 15 or fewer.
3. In mercantile occupancies in which maximum
occupant load is 100 or fewer.
[IPC-2015-403.2]

4.
 2. Separate Toilet Facilities:
A separate Male / Female toilet facilities
required in all occupancies except for the ones
mentioned in unisex facilities.[IPC-2015-403.2]

Where a building or tenant space requires a

separate toilet facility for each sex and each
toilet facility is required to have only one water
closet, two family or assisted use toilet facilities
shall be permitted to serve as the required
separate facilities.[IPC-2015-403.2.1]
 3. Family or assisted use Toilet
Facilities.
A family or assisted use toilet facility are
required when the aggregate load WCs equal to
6.
AGGREGATE LOAD: The combined number
of required male and female water closets before
any urinal substitutions.
 Employee Toilet Facilities
Employees shall be provided with toilet facilities in all
occupancies. Employee toilet facilities shall be either
separate or combined employee and public toilet
facilities.[IPC-2015-403.3]
MINIMUM SANITARY FIXTURES
REQUIRED IN TOILET
FACILITIES
To determine the minimum required
fixtures we need the following:

1. Occupancy classification based on IBC.

2. Occupant load based on IBC.
3. IPC table 403.1.
 The Occupancy Classification of the
building.
The occupancy classification mean classifying
structure or portion of structure based on their
usage and are primarily used for building and
fire code enforcement.[Wikipedia]
 Occupancy Classification based on
IBC
Occupancy Classification Groups
1 Assembly A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5
2 Business B
3 Educational E
4 Factory and Industrial F1, and F2
5 High Hazard H1, H2, H3, H4, and H5
6 Institutional I1, I2, I3, and I4
7 Mercantile M
8 Residential R1, R2, R3, and R4
9 Storage S1, and S2
10 Utility and Miscellaneous U
 Occupant Load
OCCUPANT LOAD: The number of persons for which
the means of egress of a building or portion thereof is
designed.[IBC-2012-CH2]

 To determine the occupant load of each sex, the total

occupant load shall be divided in half.
 Exception: The total occupant load shall not be required
to be divided in half where approved statistical data
indicates a distribution of the sexes of other than 50
percent of each sex.
[IPC-2015-403.1.1]
IPC table 403.1 for A1 Occupancy
Classification
 Substitution for WC
In each bathroom or toilet room, urinals
shall not be substituted for more than 67
percent of the required water closets in
assembly and educational occupancies.
Urinals shall not be substituted for more than
50 percent of the required water closets in all
other occupancies.
[IPC-2015-419.2]
 Pay Facilities
Where pay facilities are installed, such
facilities shall be in excess of the required
minimum facilities. Required facilities shall
be free of charge. [IPC-2015-403.3.5]
 Example 01
Find the minimum number of fixtures in residential occupancy R3 with
occupant load of 15 persons.
Givens:
• Occupancy classification R3.
• Occupant load 15.
• IP 403.1 table

Assumptions:
• Occupant load less than 15 persons so a unisex toilet facility is allowed.
• No WCs to be substituted with Urinals.
 Solution
Unisex facility to be considered with the following:
1
• #𝑊𝐶 = 15 ∗ = 1.5 → 2 𝑊𝐶
10
1
• #𝐿𝐴𝑉 = 15 ∗ = 1.5 → 2 𝐿𝐴𝑉
10
1
• #(𝐵𝑎𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑢𝑏𝑒/𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑟) = 15 ∗ = 1.87 → 2 𝐵𝑇/𝑆𝐻
8
1
• #𝐷𝐹 = 15 ∗ = 0.15 → 1 𝐷𝐹
100
• 𝐴𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑘
 Example 02
Find the minimum number of fixtures in Mercantile occupancy M with
occupant load of 1000 persons.
Givens:
• Occupancy classification M.
• Occupant load 1250.
• IPC 403.1 table.
Assumptions:
• Since the calculation of WC well result into
two separate Male / Female facilities each
with one WC then we can a two family or
assisted use facilities well act like two separate
facilities.
• No WCs to be substituted with Urinals.
 Solution
Two family or assisted use facilities to act as separate sex
facility:
1
• # 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑊𝐶 = 500 ∗ = 1 → 1 𝑊𝐶
500
1
• # 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑊𝐶 = 500 ∗ = 1 → 1 𝑊𝐶
500
1
• # 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝐿𝐴𝑉 = 500 ∗ = 0.66 → 1 𝐿𝐴𝑉
750
1
• # 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝐿𝐴𝑉 = 500 ∗ = 0.66 → 1 𝐿𝐴𝑉
750
1
• #𝐷𝐹 = 1000 ∗ = 1 → 1 𝐷𝐹
1000
• 𝐴𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑘
 Example 03
Find the minimum number of fixtures in Assembly occupancy A1 with
occupant load of 500 persons, fixtures in family or assisted use well be
substituted from female facility.
Givens:
• Occupancy classification A1.
• Occupant load 500 .
• IPC 403.1 table.
Assumptions:
• Since the aggregate load equal to more than 6
then two types of toilet facilities to be in the
occupancy (Family or assisted use and the
separate male / female toilet facilities).
• The family or assisted use toilet well have 2
WC and 1 LAV and to be subtracted from
female fixtures.
• No WCs to be substituted with Urinals.
 Solution
Two Type of facilities separate Male / Female and family or assisted use
facilities:
1
• # 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑊𝐶 = 300 ∗ = 2.4 → 3 𝑊𝐶
125
1
• # 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝑊𝐶 = 300 ∗ = 4.6 → 5 𝑊𝐶 −
65
2 𝑊𝐶 𝐹𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 3 𝑊𝐶
1
• # 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝐿𝐴𝑉 = 300 ∗ = 1.5 → 2 𝐿𝐴𝑉
200
1
• # 𝑜𝑓 𝑓𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑒 𝐿𝐴𝑉 = 300 ∗ = 1.5 → 2 𝐿𝐴𝑉 −
200
1 𝐿𝐴𝑉 𝐹𝑎𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑦 𝑜𝑟 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑢𝑠𝑒 = 1 𝐿𝐴𝑉
1
• #𝐷𝐹 = 600 ∗ = 1.2 → 2 𝐷𝐹( For both sex)
500
• 𝐴𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑆𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑐𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑘
TOILET FACILITIES LOCATION
 Location of Toilet Facilities in
Occupancies other than Malls
In occupancies other than covered and open mall
buildings, the required public and employee toilet
facilities shall be located not more than one story above or
below the space required to be provided with toilet
facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not
exceed a distance of 500 feet (152 m).

Exception: The location and maximum distances of travel

to required employee facilities in factory and industrial
occupancies are permitted to exceed that required by this
section, provided that the location and maximum distance
of travel are approved.

[IPC-2015-403.3.3]
 Location of Toilet Facilities in Malls
In covered and open mall buildings, the required public and
employee toilet facilities shall be located not more than one story
above or below the space required to be provided with toilet
facilities, and the path of travel to such facilities shall not exceed
a distance of 300 feet (91 m). In mall buildings, the required
facilities shall be based on total square footage within a covered
mall building or within the perimeter line of an open mall
building, and facilities shall be installed in each individual store
or in a central toilet area located in accordance with this section.
The maximum distance of travel to central toilet facilities in mall
buildings shall be measured from the main entrance of any store
or tenant space. In mall buildings, where employees’ toilet
facilities are not provided in the individual store, the maximum
distance of travel shall be measured from the employees’ work
area of the store or tenant space.[IPC-2015-403.3.4]
 Drinking Fountain Location
Drinking fountains shall not be required to be
located in individual tenant spaces provided that
public drinking fountains are located within a
distance of travel of 500 feet (152 m) of the most
remote location in the tenant space and not more
than one story above or below the tenant space.
Where the tenant space is in a covered or open mall,
such distance shall not exceed 300 feet (91 m).
Drinking fountains shall be located on an accessible
route. [IPC-2015-403.5]
 Prohibited Toilet Room Location
Toilet rooms shall not open directly into a room
used for the preparation of food for service to the
public. [IPC-2015-403.3.2]
TOILET FACILITIES SIGNAGE
 Signage
Required public facilities shall be provided
with signs that designate the sex, as required by
Section 403.2. Signs shall be readily visible and
located near the entrance to each toilet facility.
Signs for accessible toilet facilities shall comply
with Section 1111 of the International Building
Code. [IPC-2015-403.4]
 Directional Signage
Directional signage indicating the route to the
required public toilet facilities shall be posted in
a lobby, corridor, aisle or similar space, such that
the sign can be readily seen from the main
entrance to the building or tenant space. [IPC-
2015-403.4.1]