BY

KRISHNAN.C
UVARAJ.D
 The protection of groundwater and surface
water is now a major consideration in the
design of waste containment facilities in
many countries.
 Geo-synthetics play an important role in this
protective task because of their versatility,
cost-effectiveness, ease of installation, and
good characterization of their mechanical
and hydraulic properties.
 Furthermore they can offer a technical
advantage in relation to traditional liner
systems or other containment systems.
 Geo-synthetics are fabric like material
made from polymers such as polyester,
polyethylene,polypropylene,polyvinyl
chloride(PVC),nylon,chlorinated
polyethylene, and others.
 Drainage – The fabrics can rapidly
channel water from soil to various
outlets.
 Filtration – When placed between
two soil layers, one coarse grained and
the other fine grained, the fabric
allows free see page of water from one
layer to the other.
 Separation – Geotextile help keep
various soil layers separate after
construction for example, in the
construction of highways, a clayey sub
grade can be kept separate from a
granular base coarse.
 Reinforcement – The tensile strength
of geotextile increases the load –
bearing capacity of the soil.
 Function Natural Soil Geosynthetics

Barrier-Single CCL GM

Barrier- GM/CCL GM/GCL

Composite GM/GCL/CCL
Drainage Layer Sand GT
Gravel or sand GN
Filter Layer Sand GT
 GT

GN

GCL Gravel w/
GM perforated pipe
GG

CCL
Solid Waste
 THE UPPER “ FILTER GEO TEXTILE “
MINIMIZE THE MIGRATION OF SOLIDS
FROM THE WASTE WHILE PERMITTING
LIQID TO PASS
 THE LOWER “ SEPARATOR GEO TEXTILE “
TO MINIMIZE INTERMIXING OF FINE
GRAINED LINER MATERIAL AND THE
COARSE GRAINED DRAINAGE STONE
IT SHOULD SATISFY THREE
REQUIREMENTS:
 SOLID RETENTION CAPACITY
 SUFFICIENTLY PERMEABLE
 SUFFICIENT RESISTANCE TO
CLOGGING
Strategies to decrease degree of clogging
 Geo textile has BUFFERING EFFECT to
decrease the rate of permeability
 Protect the geo textile from damage
during placement of few layers of waste
 Clogging may be reduced by adding
anti microbial agent of geotextile
material
 By selecting high percent open area
Construction damage is possible due to
 Puncture of coarse granular material
from tearing due to action of heavy
machinery
 Rupture from sub grade settlements
this can be minimized by
 Using low modulus geo textile
 By appropriate sub grade preparation
 Thedesign of separator layer between
drainage layer and under laying fine
grained natural or compacted soil is
more straight forward and follows
conventional design
 Synthetic drainage mats are waffled
net( geo nets) they are structure to
include open channel flow for in plane
conveyance of relatively large fluids
 The mats are used in conjuction with
upstream filter and downstream geo-
membrane barrier
 They restrict the movement of soil
particles into open channel
 Primary design consideration of mats are
flow capacity and conductivity
leachate collection
leak detection layers
 Flow is turbulent
 Capacity depends on
 Hydraulic gradient
 Actual materials flow rate
 Mat compression due to overburden
loads
 Compression induced creep
 Mat material and thickness
 Temperature and viscosity of flowing
fluid
 Directional drainage characteristics
 Leakdetection rates are governed by
conductivity of mats and dimension of
flow path
 Under certain hydrological and
geotechnical conditions, natural or
compacted clay barriers are unable to
provide required level of environmental
protection from landfill contaminants
 The use of geo membranes as
complimentary barrier may provide
economical means of obtaining
additional protection to meet regulatory
standards
 There are two mechanisms of
contaminant transportation through geo-
membrane
 Molecular diffusion under hydraulic
gradient
 Leakage through holes under hydraulic
gradient
 a landfill capping is used to control the
amount of leachate generation by rainfall
infiltration
It consists of
 geo-membrane barrier
 synthetic drainage mat for rainfall collection
 Geotextile filter between drainage mat and
final soil cover
 Drainage layer for transmission of gases to
higher vent
 Tensile force will be mobilized in geo
synthetic components lining the side
slope due to waste overburden load,
waste settlement and consolidation, self
weight of geo synthetic components
 Method of evaluation of tensile forces-
Equilibrium method(requires friction
characteristics)
 Tension is anchored at the top of the
slope
 Differential settlement and localized
settlement occurs at soft zones
 Open voids may develop due to tension
cracking, karstic collapse or soil dissolution
 So to overcome this the geo-synthetic
members must have sufficient strength to
bridge the voids
 High safety of factors are used since
strength may be lost during damage in
installation
 Long term creep and degradation
expected. This is also due to UV exposure
 Chemical reaction with leachate, swelling
due to chemical adsorption, extraction,
oxidation and biological attacks
 Compatibility of geosynthetics with the
landfill gases must be ensured
 The severity of the degrading
mechanisms will govern the service life
of the members
 The installation damage, magnitude of
imposed mechanical stresses and
synergism with the various mechanism
may increase the rate of degradation
 The service lifetime of various geo-
membranes are rarely in excess of 30
years