CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS at 3 o’clock in May on Sunday at 10:30 am in summer on Tuesdays at noon in the winter on 6 March at dinnertime in 1990 on 25 Dec. 2010 at bedtime in the 1980s on Christmas Day at sunrise in the next century on Independence Day at sunset in the Ice Age on my birthday at the moment in the past/future on New Year’s Eve I. PREWRITING A. Freewriting B. Clustering (or mind-mapping) C. Outlining II. WRITING A. Be organized: define your purpose To inform To persuade To instruct To inspire or motivate B. Be concise C. Be clear D. Be warm and personal Say “I” and “you”. Accentuate the positive Show empathy. Establish rapport. III. REVISE AND EDITING Checklist: Is all the information relevant? Has all the necessary information been included? Is the information organized so that it clearly and effectively conveys the message? Are the recommendations supported by the facts? Is your grammar correct? Is your writing free of spelling mistakes? Did you use research to support your analysis? Did you reference all appropriate information? Did you use space appropriately? Is there consistency in your heading and formatting? Is your letter, report or proposal professionally presented? BUSINESS JARGON PLAIN ENGLISH in compliance with as you requested pursuant to, subsequent to after Please be good enough to advise us Please tell us Thank you again [nothing] the undersigned I, me with regard to, in regard to regarding, concerning with respect to, with reference to relating to arrived at the conclusion concluded in view of the fact that because came to realization realized BUSINESS JARGON PLAIN ENGLISH come to an agreement agree in the ultimate analysis finally in the majority of instances usually place a major emphasis on stress to a certain degree somewhat notwithstanding the fact that although draw to your attention show, point out extend an invitation to invite is aware of the fact that knows conduct an investigation investigate E-MAIL Things to remember: 1. Be specific and get to the point in the subject line. 2. If you are requesting action, say so in the subject line. Example: FARU Implementation Timetable for your comment 3. Don’t leave the subject line blank. 4. Don’t use abbreviations and acronyms unless you are sure your receiver will understand them. 5. Keep your message brief but clear. 6. Before using electronic jargon, be sure intended receivers will understand it. 7. Read what you’ve written. 8. Unless you are using an encryption device, you should assume that mail on the Internet is not secure. 9. Respect the copyright on material that you reproduce. 10. If you are forwarding or re-posting a message you’ve received, do not change the wording. 11. Never send chain letters, including religious chain letters, by e-mail. 12. Don’t send heated messages (“flames”) even if you are provoked. 13. Include a line or two at the end of your message with your contact details. 14. It is extremely bad form to simply reply to a message by including the previous message entirely. 15. Use mixed case. UPPER CASE LOOKS AS IF YOU’RE SHOUTING. 16. Observe basic courtesies and conventions. TRANSITIONAL SIGNALS to indicate that what follows is in in comparison, in contrast, opposition to what came before it conversely, instead, on the contrary, on the other hand what has been said before may be all the same, anyway, in any case, at true or correct, but what follows is the same time, but, however, also true or correct nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, in spite of, still listing, to mark the order in which namely, as follows, first, second, things are said third, etc., for one thing, for another, above all, to begin with, then, finally/lastly, in the first place, etc. time sequence first, subsequently, in the beginning, eventually, in the end, first, next, then, finally to clarify essentially, that is, by this we mean, which means, meaning, thus, in other words TRANSITIONAL SIGNALS to give examples for example, for instance, to illustrate
to reinforce what has been said as a matter of fact, in fact,
before furthermore, in addition, moreover, again, indeed, and, clearly to denote that what follow is of equal at the same time, correspondingly, importance or on the same level as for the same reason, in the same the preceding way, likewise, similarly what follows is a replacement of better, instead, rather, worse, what has been said before alternatively what follows is a logical consequent consequently, hence, therefore, in or a result of what has been said that case, because of this, for this before reason to introduce a new stage in the incidentally, now discussion summation all in all, briefly, in brief, in short, in sum
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