COMMUNICATION

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Aristotle’s Model of Communication
2. Shannon-Weaver Model
3. Transaction Model
4. Schramm Model
ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
 ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

- Earliest mass communication model

- He proposed this model during 300 BC
- He found the importance of audience
in communication chain
- The model is more focused in public
speaking than interpersonal
communication
 ARISTOTLE’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION

 5 Key Elements:
 Speaker - source
 Speech - message
 Occasion - context
 Audience - receiver
 Effect – end goal of the speaker
SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL (1949)
 SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL (1949)

- Mother of all communication models

- It depicts communication as a linear
or one-way process
- Consists of five elements
 SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL (1949)

 5 Key Elements:
 Source – producer of the message
 Transmitter – encoding of the message
into signals
 Channels – signals adapted for
transmission
 Receiver – decoder of the message from
the signal
 Destination – receiver of the message
TRANSACTION MODEL
 TRANSACTION MODEL

- Both speaker and receiver are known

as communicators
- Used for interpersonal communication
- Also called as circular model of
communication
- Two-way process with the inclusion of
feedback as one element
 TRANSACTION MODEL

 Factors affecting Transaction Model:

 Social Context – refers to the norms, values, laws
and other restrictions of a society
 Cultural Context – class, race, ethnicity, gender,
etc. are the contexts which promotes
communication. If two people are from the same
cultural group, they will have better
communication with each other.
Relational Context – relates to relationship history
and manners.
TRANSACTION MODEL
SCHRAMM MODEL
 SCHRAMM MODEL

 EXERCISE I:
 What has Schramm added to the
Shannon-Weaver Model?
 Is the new model more
comprehensive? Why do you think so?
 How is it different from or similar to the
transaction model?
 SCHRAMM MODEL
- Schramm added the feedback and field of
experience to the model.
- It is more comprehensive because it contains
elements showing that communication is not a
linear process which the Shannon-Weaver
originally showed.
- It is different from Transaction Model in that it
also includes the field of experiences of each
communicator, a factor which is very important
in communication.
 FUNCTIONS OF COMMUNICATION
1. Control – it controls behavior
2. Social Interaction – it allows individuals to
interact with others
3. Motivation – it motivates or encourages
people to live better
4. Emotional Expression – it facilitates people’s
expression of their feelings and emotions
5. Information Dissemination – it conveys
information
 FEATURES OF COMMUNICATION
7 Cs of EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION:
1. COMPLETENESS
 complete communication is essential to
the quality of the communication
process in general. Hence,
communication should include
everything that the receiver needs to
hear for him/her to respond, react, or
evaluate properly.
7 Cs of EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
2. CONCISENESS
 this does not mean keeping the
message short, but making it direct or
straight to the point. Insignificant or
redundant information should be
eliminated from the communication that
will be sent to the recipient.
7 Cs of EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
3. CONSIDERATION
 to be effective, the speaker should
always consider relevant information
about his/her receiver such as mood,
background, race, preference,
education, status, and needs, among
others.
7 Cs of EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
4. CONCRETENESS
 effective communication happens
when the message is concrete and
supported by facts, figures, and real-life
examples and situations. In this case, the
receiver is more connected to the
message conveyed.
7 Cs of EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
5. COURTESY
 the speaker shows courtesy in
communication by respecting the
culture, values, and beliefs of his/her
receivers. Being courteous at all times
creates a positive impact on the
audience.
7 Cs of EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
6. CLEARNESS
 this implies the use of simple and
specific words to express ideas. It is also
achieved when the speaker focuses only
on a single objective in his/her speech so
as not to confuse the audience.
7 Cs of EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
7. CORRECTNESS
 correctness in grammar eliminates
negative impact on the audience and
increases the credibility and
effectiveness of the message.