Material required
Chasis RF Module
Battries Transmitter IC
Remote Control (HT12E)
Switch Receiver IC
Tires (HT12D)
Motors Motor Driver
Things needed to build a RC bot
Other things needed
The RF module, as the name suggests, operates at
Radio Frequency.
The corresponding frequency range varies between 30
kHz & 300 GHz
A wireless radio frequency (RF) transmitter and
receiver can be easily made
using HT12D Decoder, HT12E Encoder and
ASK(Amplitude Shift Keying ) RF Module. Wireless
transmission can be done by using 433Mhz or 315MHz
ASK RF Transmitter and Receiver modules.
RF transmitter and RF receiver
G
Encoder HT12E
It is basically an ICs which encrypts one form of data(switch on-off) to
Other signal which is capable of being transmitted through RF transmitter.
The IC is a 12 bit encoder having 8 address pins(A0-A7) and 4 data pins(A8-A11).
It contains a TE(transmit enable) pin which enables transmission, hence it
always grounded so as to transmit continuous data.
The DOUT pin encapsulates all the data and feeds to The RF transmitter.
The encoder is powered by VCC(5 V)and the data pins are connected to the
DPDT switch.
A0: 7 – these are the address pins.
GND – this is the ground pin. This pin should also be
connected to the (–ve) of the battery
Vcc – the VCC pin is where we need to supply the input
voltage for the working of the encoder. It is used to
power the IC.
Osc1: 2 – these pins are the oscillator input and output
pins. For the ordinary circuit, they are connected to
each other with the help of an external resistor.
TE – this is the transmission enable pin. When this
is given true, then data transmission starts.
Output – this is an output pin. The data in EM signals
is given out from this pin.
AD0: 3 – these are the data/address pins.
Role of Address pins
When using a single pair of encoder-decoder IC, we generally leave the address pins as it is
i.e. we do not connect them to either ground or VCC. But what if there is more than one
decoder but only single encoder. In that case we need to give an address to the data that
it might travel to specific decoder only and our data should not leak at unnecessary
decoders. This is very useful in wireless communication.
To define an address, what we need to do is to connect specific address pins to the ground
on both encoder and decoder side; remember that the order of connecting the address
pins to the ground must be same.
VT Pin(Valid Transmission)
The valid transmission pin in decoder shows that the transmitter address and the receiver
address are same and is ready to receive the data from the encoder side.
During implementation of the circuit, we will see how to get notification about the valid
transmission through this pin.
Working of an encoder
ASK RF transmitter
Transmitter Circuit
As stated above, the address pins can be configured as per
choice.
The Ground pin needs to be grounded.
The Vcc pin needs to be given regulated 5 Volts.
The output pin is connected to the data pin of the Tx module.
To enable transmission, the TE pin is grounded.
Resistors of 1.1MΩ are connected across Osc1 and Osc2 pins.
Pull-up resistors of 100KΩ are connected across D8, D9, D10,
D11 pins. The other end of the resistors may be either grounded,
or given 1, or left floating depending upon what we want as the
default value from the output pins of HT12D.
Suppose we ground the resistors’ other ends, then, by default, all
the output pins in the HT12D will receive 0, and similarly vice-
versa.
Switches may be used in between the data pins and the resistors.
Decoder HT12D
It is an IC used to decrypt the signal received from the RF receiver to parallel data
Which is further fed to the motor driver.
The IC is a 12 bit encoder having 8 address pins(A0-A7) and 4 data pins(A8-A11).
It contains a TE(transmit enable) pin which enables transmission, hence it
always grounded so as to transmit continuous data.
The parallel data is further fed to the motor driver which help in powering the
Motor.
The encoder is powered by VCC(5 V)
A0: 7 – these are the address pins.
Vss – this is the ground pin. This pin should be
connected to the –ve of the battery.
VDD – the VCC pin is where we need to supply the
input voltage for the working of the encoder. It
is used to power the IC.
Osc1: 2 – these pins are the oscillator input and
output pins. For the ordinary circuit, they are
connected to each other with the help of an
external resistor.
DIN – this is the Data input pin. The data input
from the receiver module is fed in this pin.
VT – this is an output pin. This pin gives the
output as soon as any signal s received by the
receiver.
D8: 11 – these are the data pins.
Working of a decoder
Ask RF receiver
Receiver ckt
The address pins must be given the same configuration
as of those given in the transmitter circuit.
The VSS pin is to be grounded. Similarly, a 5v regulated
output should be given to the VDD pin.
The D8, D9, D10, D11 are the outputs corresponding to
those in the transmitter circuit.
A resistance of 51KΩ should be applied
across Osc1 and Osc2 pins.
The data output from the receiver module is to be
connected to the DINpin.
The VD pin gets ‘on’ whenever the receiver receives a
signal. It may be left unconnected.
How it works
Encoder to ASK transmitter ckt :
HT12E Encoder IC will convert the 4 bit parallel data
given to pins D0 – D3 to serial data and will be
available at DOUT. This output serial data is given to
ASK RF Transmitter. Address inputs A0 – A7 can be
used to provide data security and can be connected to
GND (Logic ZERO) or left open (Logic ONE). Status of
these Address pins should match with status of
address pins in the receiver for the transmission of the
data. Data will be transmitted only when the Transmit
Enable pin (TE) is LOW. 1.1MΩ resistor will provide
the necessary external resistance for the operation of
the internal oscillator of HT12E.
How it works
ASK receiver to Decoder :
ASK RF Receiver receives the data transmitted using
ASK RF Transmitter. HT12D decoder will convert the
received serial data to 4 bit parallel data D0 – D3. The
status of these address pins A0-A7 should match with
status of address pin in the HT12E at the transmitter
for the transmission of data. The LED connected to the
above circuit glows when valid data transmission
occurs from transmitter to receiver. 51KΩ resistor will
provide the necessary resistance required for the
internal oscillator of the HT12D.
