Programming Concepts and Constructs

(C Language)

Unit 1.2 – Basic Problem Analysis

and Design

Presentation 1
 Revision…

1. Define programming.
2. List the types of programming?
 Objectives

At the end of this presentation, you will be able to:

 Define algorithm
 List the characteristics of algorithm
 Write algorithm for problems
 Algorithm

 Is the sequence of steps required to provide a

solution to a problem.
 Hands-On!
The example of making a coffee can be
represented as an algorithm as follows:
1. Boil the water.
2. Add coffee powder and sugar.
3. Mix the contents.
4. Drink or serve the coffee.
 Hands-On!

Input Process Output

• Water • Boiling the water
• Coffee powder • Adding coffee Coffee
• Sugar powder and
• sugar
 Characteristics

 Instructions must be simple.

 Instructions must be accurate.
 Instructions should be general statements .
 Instructions should not be repeated infinitely.
 Algorithm should be stoped after performing
the instructions.
 Activity 1.2.1
1. Consider the process of making an ice
cube. The input, process and output are
given below. Write an algorithm for this
process.
Input: Water, ice tray and refrigerator.
Process: Freezing
Output: Ice cube

2. Write the algorithm to find the product of

two numbers.
 Summary

In this presentation, you learnt that

 Algorithm is the sequence of steps required
to provide a solution to a problem.
 Assignment

1. Define algorithm?