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LBM 6 Repro Nindy
LBM 6 Repro Nindy
nindy
How the cycles of normal menstruation?
• The start of the menstrual cycle begins on the first day of bleeding.
On about the 5th day, the brain begins producing hormones that
cause a few follicles to grow and mature in the ovaries. These
follicles then start producing the hormone estrogen.
• The lining of the uterus (endometrium) responds to the estrogen by
becoming thicker and developing more blood vessels.
• Somewhere around the 14th or 15th day of the cycle (if your cycles
are in the neighborhood of 27-30 days), the most mature follicle
bursts and releases an egg or ovum. This is called ovulation.
• The egg then enters the Fallopian tube.
• The ruptured follicle begins to secrete the hormone progesterone.
• Progesterone increases the supply of blood and nutrients to the
uterus
• If the egg unites with a sperm from a man, it becomes fertilized and
travels down the Fallopian tube, finally settling into the lining of the
uterus. If the egg does not become fertilized, it soon breaks down,
and the follicle stops producing progesterone.
• The loss of progesterone causes the lining of the uterus to break
apart and bleed. The menstrual period then begins, starting
another cycle.
Why she had menstruation over 15 days ?
• Perdarahan Uterus Disfungsional (DUB)
• Perdarahan abnormal dari uterus baik dalam jumlah,
frekuensi maupun lamanya, yang terjadi didalam atau
diluar haid sebagai wujud klinis gangguan fungsional
mekanisme kerja poros hipotalamus-hipofisis-ovarium,
endometrium tanpa kelainan organik alat reproduksi,
seperti radang, tumor, keganasan, kehamilan atau
gangguan sistemik lain.
• Perdarahan uterus disfungsional dapat berlatar belakang
kelainan-kelainan ovulasi, suklus haid, jumlah perdarahan
dan anemia yang ditimbulkannya
Berdasarkan kelainan tersebut maka perdarahan uterus disfungsional dapat
dibagi seperti table
3. Polymenorrhagia:
- Cyclical bleeding which is both excessive and too
frequent, e.g. 9/20-12/20.
- Caused by: DUB, PID.
4. Metrorrhagia (irregular or acyclical):
- bleeding of any amount which acyclical occurring
irregularly or continuously.
- always originates in the uterus.
- causes(organic) : complications of early pregnancy,
ulceration or infection of benign tumors, malignancies
(perimenopausal)
Clinical types:
5. Intermenstrual bleeding:
- often dysfunctional (fall in oestrogen secretion
following ovulation); 60% of ovulatory women have
erythrocytes in their cervical mucus if examined.
- common with cervical and endometrial polyps,
fibroids and cervical carcinoma
Why she complained that she had irregular menstrual cycles ,
sometimes twice in a month ?
Nyeri kram di perut bawah atau pelvis dengan awal Waktu dari nyeri berubah-ubah sepanjang
keluarnya darah selama 8-72 jam. siklus menstruasi.
Pola nyeri sama setiap siklus. Memburuk setiap waktu, dapat unilateral,
dapat memburuk pada waktu berkemih
Nyeri pada paha dan pinggang, sakit kepala, diare, Dijumpai gejala ginekologi: dispareunia
mual dan muntah dapat dijumpai. danmenorragia.
PENANGANAN
Endometriosis tdd: tx Hormonal, pembedahan, radiasi.
PENCEGAHAN
• Kehamilan adalah cara yang paling baik
TERAPI :
• Analgetika
• Hormonal, hormon-hormon streoid, estrogen, progesteron, pemberian
terus menerus setiap hari selama 6-9 bulan minimal 1 tahun. Lanjutkan 2-
3 tahun, dosis 30-50mg/ hari.
• Pembedahan dengan mengangkat sarang-sarang endometriosis.
• Radiasi bertujuan untuk menghentikan fungsi ovarium. Tidak dilakukan
lagi, kecuali jika ada kontra indikasi terhadap pembedahan.