BREAST

ANATOMY
• Made up: Fatty tissue and mammary gland
• Lies between 2nd – 6th ribs
• Located superficial to pectoral region

STRUCTURES
• Skin
• Parenchyma
• Stroma
ANATOMY
SKIN
• Nipple
• Areola
ANATOMY
PARENCHYMA
ANATOMY
STROMA
• Ligaments if Cooper
- Maintain structural integrity
- Run from clavicle and pectoral fascia
ANATOMY
ANATOMY
BREAST CANCER
• 1 in 20 women will developed breast cancer

LOW RISK
Alcohol consumption
Reproductive factors:
- Increase age at first full term
pregnancy > 30 years
- hormone therapy
- Oral contraceptive used
Obesity
RISK
MODERATE DISK HIGH RISK
Increasing age > 40 years old Personal history of invasice breast
cancer
• Reproductive factor: Lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) and
- Early menarche (< 12 yearsd Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS)
old)
- Late menopause ( > 55 years
old)
- Nulliparity
Benign Breast disease without Bening breast dissease with
atypia atypical hyperplasia
Dense Breast Ionising radiatiob from treatment
of breast cancer
Carrier of BRCA1 and 2 genetic
mutation
Significant family history (first
degree family with breast cancer)
SCREENING
Mammography
• No evidence of effectiveness of self breast examination but help
increase awareness
• Mammography recommended in low and intermediate risk women
age 40 – 49
• Mammography may be performed biennially in women 50-74 years
old
• Ultrasound
- Helps in cancer detection
- Should be used as initial imaging for young women (<35 years old)
- Able to differentiate solid mass or cyst
- Can be used for pregnant women
• Biopsy
- Recommended FNAC as initial pathological assessment
- Core biopsy used as complement pathological assesment