various additives with plastics without any chemical reaction FILLERS / EXTENDERS
• Organic /inorganic compound
incorporated
• Reduce the cost of the fabricated plastic
article per unit weight • Improve hardness,tensile stregnth,opacity.. FILLERS • PARTICULAR • FIBROUS • Mainly to reduce the • Enhance the tensile cost strength • Increases hardness • Also called reinforcing but not tensile strength fillers • Eg. Asbestose • Eg.C black to natural increases heat rubber increases T.S. resistance by 40% BINDERS • Hold the constituents of the plastic together • Give the desired properties like plasticity &electrical insulating properties • Eg.thermoplastic resins & thermosetting resins PLASTICIZERS
• To improve plasticity & flexibility
• To reduce the cracking on the surface • To reduce the temp.& pressure for moulding • Are less volatile liquids • Eg. Dibutyl phthalate,tributyl phosphate.. Plasticizer should be :
• Miscible with polymer
• Inert • A high molecular weight, high boiling and non-volatile substance Disadvantage Reduce T.S. & chemical resistance STABILISER
• Compounds added to prevent the
degradation by air, UV rays & heat • Eg. Phenyl salicylate to polythene, PVC… CATALYSTS/ COLOURANTS ACCELERATORS To give a colour to the plastic To accelerate the Eg. Organic dyestuffs condensation of thermosetting to get LUBRICANTS cross-linked pdt. To make the moulding easier Eg.benzoyl peroxide To impart finish to pdt Eg. Oils, waxes, soapes… ANTIOXIDANT
• To prevent the oxidative degradation
• Eg. PBNA (phenyl-beta-naphthylamine) MOULDING
• Moulding is the process of manufacturing
by shaping pliable raw material using a rigid frame or model called a pattern. Types of Moulding – Blow moulding – Injection moulding – Extrusion moulding – Compression moulding – Transfer moulding Blow Moulding Process illustration • 1. The plastic is fed in granular form into a 'hopper' that stores it. • 2. A large thread is turned by a motor which feeds the granules through a heated section. • 3. In this heated section the granules melt and become a liquid and the liquid is fed into a mould. • 4. Air is forced into the mould which forces the plastic to the sides, giving the shape of the bottle. • 5. The mould is then cooled and is removed Blow moulded products 2. Injection Moulding Materials such as polystyrene, nylon, polypropylene and polythene can be used in a process called injection moulding The Process Injection Moulding INJECTION MOULDED COMPONENTS EXTRUSION Moulding Extrusion Moulding EXTRUSION Moulding die TUBE EXTRUDED COMPONENTS Compression Moulding Transfer Moulding TRANSFER MOULDED COMPONENTS
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