TIDAL POWER GENERATION

Presented By:
Akshat Sharma
EEE 7th sem
UE7406
 INTRODUCTION
Power plays a very important role in developing a country.
generation of electrical power is carried out in two ways.
•Conventional
•Non conventional.

•Conventional power generation by three ways

Thermal power
Hydro power
Nuclear power

•Non Conventional power generation by mainly

Wind Power
Geothermal
Biomass
Tidal Power
Wave Power.
 INTRODUCTION
Tidal power is a form of hydrokinetic power that is extracted by
converting the kinetic energy of tides into electrical energy or other
useful forms of power.
•Tides are more predictable than wind energy and solar power.
•Historically, tide mills have been used, both in Europe and on the
Atlantic coast of North America
The world's first commercial axial turbine tidal
stream generator — SeaGen — in Strangford
Lough. The strong wake shows the power in the
tidal current.
 GENERATION OF ENERGY
Directly from the relative motions of the Earth–Moon system,
and to a lesser extent from the Earth–Sun system.
Because of Relative motion of the Earth, Sun and the Moon,
these Interact via gravitational forces.
It also Causes Rotational loss in the system, slowing down the
earth.
 Classification Of Tidal Power
I. Tidal stream systems make
use of the kinetic energy of
moving water to power
turbines. It has lower cost
and lower ecological impact.
II. Barrages make use of the
potential energy in the
difference in height (or head)
between high and low tides.
It has High installation cost.
III.Tidal lagoons, are similar to
barrages, but can be
constructed as self contained
structures, not fully across an
estuary, and are claimed to
incur much lower cost and
ecological impact overall.
 Tidal stream generators
Tidal stream generators draw energy from currents in much the
same way as wind turbines. The higher density of water, 800 times
the density of air require better, strong and therefore expensive
turbines.
Immature technology but bold claims has made by companies
UK is the leading producer of such turbines.
Mainly there are 3 types of tidal turbines->
Axial Turbine:
These are close in concept to traditional windmills operating
under the sea and have the most prototypes currently operating .
Vertical and horizontal axis cross flow turbines:
cross flow turbines that can be deployed either vertically or
horizontally.
Oscillating devices:
Oscillating devices do not have a rotating component, instead
making use of aerofoil sections which are pushed sideways by the
flow.
Axial turbine
Cross flow turbine
 ENERGY GENERATION
Various turbine designs have varying efficiencies and therefore
varying power output. If the efficiency of the turbine "Cp" is known
the equation below can be used to determine the power output.
The power available from these kinetic systems can be expressed as:
P = Cp x 0.5 x ρ x A x V³
where:
Cp is the turbine coefficient of performance
P = the power generated (in watts)
ρ = the density of the water (seawater is 1025 kg/m³)
A = the sweep area of the turbine (in m²)
V³ = the velocity of the flow cubed (i.e. V x V x V).
 BARRAGE TIDAL POWER
EBB GENERATION:
The basin is filled through the sluices during high tide. Then the sluice gates are opened
on low tide.
Ebb generation (also known as outflow generation).

Two-basin schemes:
With two basins, one is filled at high tide and the other is emptied at low tide.
Turbines are placed between the basins.
Very expensive to construct due to the cost of the extra length of barrage.
Enviourment impact is not good.
Flood Generation:
The basin is filled through the turbines, which generate a tide flood. This is generally
much less efficient than ebb generation, because of volume.
Turbidity:
Turbidity (the amount of matter as suspension in the water)
decreases as a result of smaller volume of water being exchanged
between the basin and the sea .

Salinity:
As a result of less water exchange with the sea, the average salinity
inside the basin decreases, also affecting the ecosystem.
Energy calculations
The energy available from a barrage is dependent on the volume of
water. The potential energy contained in a volume of water is:

where:
h is the vertical tidal range,
A is the horizontal area of the barrage basin,
ρ is the density of water = 1025 kg per cubic meter (seawater varies
between 1021 and 1030 kg per cubic meter) and
g is the acceleration due to the Earth's gravity = 9.81 meters per
second squared.

The factor half is due to the fact, that as the basin flows empty
through the turbines, the hydraulic head over the dam reduces.
 BARRAGE TIDAL POWER
Economics:
Tidal barrage power schemes have a high capital cost and a very low
running cost. As a result, a tidal power scheme may not produce
returns for many years, and investors may be reluctant to participate
in such projects.
Mathematical modelling of tidal schemes:
Mathematical modelling produces quantitative information for a
range of parameters, including:
Water levels (during operation, construction, extreme conditions,
etc.)
Currents
Waves
Power output
Turbidity
Salinity
Sediment movements
Global environmental impact:

A tidal power scheme is a long-term source of electricity. A proposal

for the Several Barrages, if built, has been projected to save 18million
tonnes of coal per year of operation. This will also decrease the
output of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
Operating tidal power schemes:
The first tidal power station was the Rance tidal power plant built over a
period of 6 years from 1960 to 1966 at La Rance, France.[51] It has 240 MW
installed capacity.
The first tidal power site in North America is the
Annapolis Royal Generating Station, Annapolis Royal, Nova Scotia, which
opened in 1984 on an inlet of the Bay of Fundy.[52] It has 18 MW installed
capacity.
The first in-stream tidal current generator in North America (
Race Rocks Tidal Power Demonstration Project) was installed at
Race Rocks on southern Vancouver Island in September 2006.[53][54] The
next phase in the development of this tidal current generator will be in
Nova Scotia.[55]
A small project was built by the Soviet Union at Kislaya Guba on the
Barents Sea. It has 0.5 MW installed capacity. In 2006 it was upgraded with
1.2MW experimental advanced orthogonal turbine.
Jindo Uldolmok Tidal Power Plant in South Korea is a tidal stream
generation scheme planned to be expanded progressively to 90 MW of
capacity by 2013. The first 1 MW was installed in May 2009.
1.2 MW SeaGen system became operational in late 2008 on
Thank You