Solid Waste Management

Waste- Definition & Classification

Any material which is not needed by the
owner, producer or processor.

Classification
• Domestic waste
• Factory waste
• Waste from oil factory
• E-waste
• Construction waste
• Agricultural waste
• Food processing waste
• Bio-medical waste
• Nuclear waste
Solid Waste
Classification of Wastes
• Solid waste- vegetable waste, kitchen waste, household
waste etc.

• E-waste- discarded electronic devices like computer, TV,

music systems etc.

• Liquid waste- water used for different industries eg

tanneries, distillaries, thermal power plants

• Plastic waste- plastic bags, bottles, buckets etc.

• Metal waste- unused metal sheet, metal scraps etc.

• Nuclear waste- unused materials from nuclear power

plants
Solid Waste in India
• 7.2 million tonnes of hazardous waste

• One Sq km of additional landfill area every-year

• Rs 1600 crore for treatment & disposal of these wastes

• In addition to this industries discharge about 150 million

tonnes of high volume low hazard waste every year,
which is mostly dumped on open low lying land areas.

Source: Estimate of Ministry of Environment & Forest

Growth of Solid Waste In India
• Waste is growing by leaps & bounds

• In 1981-91, population of Mumbai increased from 8.2

million to 12.3 million

• During the same period, municipal solid waste has grown

from 3200 tonnes to 5355 tonne, an increase of 67%

• Waste collection is very low for all Indian cities

• City like Bangalore produces 2000 tonnes of waste per

annum, the ever increasing waste has put pressure on
hygienic condition of the city

Source: The Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi

Waste Collection in India
• Primarily by the city municipality
-No gradation of waste product eg bio-degradable, glasses,
polybags, paper shreds etc
-Dumps these wastes to the city outskirts

• Local raddiwala / kabadiwala (Rag pickers)

-Collecting small iron pieces by magnets
-Collecting glass bottles
-Collecting paper for recycling

• MCD- Sophisticated DWM (Delhi Waste Management)

vehicle
How solid waste affected us in recent years?
• Cloudburst in Mumbai (2005) clogged the sewage
line due to large no. of plastic bags

• Blast in the Bhusan Steel factory at Noida, caused

due to imported scrap from Iran

• Reduction in the number of migratory birds due to

consumption of contaminated foods

• Stray animals dying on streets and farmland due

to consumption of plastic bags, which blocks the
food movement in their stomach
Hazardous / Toxic Waste & Dumping Site
• Industrialised countries have waste
management problems

• Developed countries have strict

environment regulation norms

• Most attractive option for them- to dump

into developing countries
Philadelphia’s Municipal Waste
• 16 years journey for the cargo ship to
eleven countries and four continents

• 25,000 tonnes of flyash came back to

Philadelphia’s garbage dump

• Several government refused cargo ships

• In 2002, Cargo ship returned back to US

Major Polluting Industries in India
• Around 2500 tanneries discharge 24 million
cu m of waste water containing high level
of dissolved solids and 4,00,000 tonnes of
hazardous solid waste

• 300 distilleries discharge 26 million kilo-

litres of spend wash per year containing
several pollutants

• Thermal power plants discharge huge waste

materials
Collection & Recycling of Waste Materials
Managing Waste
Recycling: Processing of a waste item into usable forms.

Benefits of recycling:
-Reduce environmental degradation
-Making money out of waste
-Save energy that would have gone into waste handling &
product manufacture

Saving through recycling:

-When Al is resmelted- considerable saving in cost
-Making paper from waste saves 50% energy
-Every tonne of recycled glass saves energy equivalent to
100 litres of oil
Recycling not a solution to all problems!

Recycling is not a solution to managing every

kind of waste material

For many items recycling technologies are

unavailable or unsafe

In some cases, cost of recycling is too high.

Solution: More Profit With Zero Waste
• Exchanging output that are considered
waste
• Waste of one could be input or raw material
for others
• Evolving a closed system- matter & energy
circulate within
• System was not designed to be so
• The system of exchange evolved in 10
years
Problems in Dealing With Solid Waste

• Education & voluntary compliance

• Collection of waste

• Technological interventions

• Institutions & regulatory framework

• Absence of mandatory standards for waste reduction

• Market action for waste reduction

Source: The Energy & Resources Institute

TERI Projections on Waste Generation In India
 http://www.greenpeace.org/international/news/ghost-ship-121205

French aircraft carrier Clemenceau

French aircraft carrier Clemenceau
• December 12, 2005, Clemenceau, Ghost ship nobody wants
• 27,000-ton warship full of asbestos, PCBs, lead, mercury,
and other toxic chemicals
• Indian scrapyard of Alang (Bhavnagar district, Gujarat) , a
place where environmental regulations are lax and workers'
rights are practically nonexistant
• In most shipbreaking nations proper waste management is
absent. There are no rules and regulations. And where rules
exist, they're unlikely to be enforced.
• Basel Convention (1989) is an international treaty which
prohibits the export of hazardous waste from rich to poor
countries
• Greenpeace raised awareness campaigned against the ship
in India as well as in France
• French President Chirac has announced a dramatic recall of
the asbestos-laden warship Clemenceau
References

• Environmental Studies
-R Rajagopalan
• www.greenpeace.org

• www.teri.res.in
Presentation By Group 13

• Praful Ranjan Roll No.-28

• Rajat Kumar Roll No.-33
• Rakesh Panda Roll No.-34
• Rohit Arya Roll No.-40