Drilling Fluid Classifications

Drilling FLuids

Oil Based Water based Pneumatic

Fluids Fluids Fluids

Diesel Non inhibitive Dry Gas

Mineral Inhibitive Mist

Non Petroleum
Hydrocarbon Polymer Foam

Gasified Mud
Water Based Fluids

Water Based Fluids

Non Inhibitive Inhibitive Polymer

Clear Water Calcium Based Non Dispersed

High Temperature
Native Salt Water Based Deflocculated

Bentonite/Water Potassium Based

Lignite/Lignosulphonate Amine
Drilling Fluid Basic Components

Solids

Fluids Chemicals
 Drilling Fluid

• A mud is a mixture of liquids, chemicals, and solids

– dissolved and suspended

– commercial/non-commercial
– high and low specific gravity
– inert and reactive

• Reactive clays

• Weight material, bentonite, drill solids

Drilling Fluid Aditives

• Viscosifiers
• Weigthing Materials
• Fluid Loss
• Deflocculants
• Corrosion Control
• Shale Control
• Spotting Fluids
• Lubricants
• Detergents
• Defoamers
• Preservatives
• Oil Mud Additives
 Drilling Fluid Components

Fluids

Gas Water Non Hydrous

Fresh Brine Brackish Seawater Mixed salt

 Drilling Fluid Components

Inert
Solids

Weightìng Older
Sand Silt
Material Shales
Barite

Hematite

Calcium Carbonate

Dolomite

Reactive
Solids

Formation Commercial
Clays Clays
• Typical CEC Values

Item Solid Meq of MBT/100

gr of Solids

1 Attapulgite 15 – 25
2 Chloride 10 – 40
3 Gumbo Shale 20 – 40
4 Illite 10 – 40
5 Kaolinite 70 – 170
6 Montmorillonite 70 – 150
7 Sandstone 0–5
8 Shale 0 - 20
 Drilling Fluid Functions

 Hole Cleaning

• Transport and remove drilled cuttings

• Release cuttings at the surface
• Suspend cuttings and weight material

 Pressure balance ( P = 0.052 * TVD * MW )

 Wellbore Stability

 Seal permeable formations

 Prevent damage to producing zones

 Provide hydraulic horsepower to bit and motors

 Provides a communication medium for MWD tools

 Clean, Cool, and Lubricate bit and drill string

 Reduce Corrosion

 Must be environmentally safe

 Functions of Drilling Fluids

Poor cuttings removal

Hole Sloughing
 Prevent Stuck Pipe Lost Circulation
Differential pressure Sticking
 Improve Penetration Rates Key seating
 Prevent bit balling
 Provide filtration control
 Drilling Fluids Selection Criteria

• Lithology Concerns
• Performance
• Production Concerns
• Cost
• Logistics
• Safety
• Environmental Impact
 Planning A Well

• Geological prospect
– Exploration
– Development

• Offset data
– Geological
– Engineering

• Design criteria
– Objectives of well (production, information, costs)
– Surface & bottom hole locations
– Well control
– Bit selection
– Drilling fluid selection
– Casing design
Well Mechanical Design
Drilling Fluids Program

Problems to
Required Information be encountered

Wellbore Instability
Lost Circulation
Low ROP in the shale
Troublesome
sections
Zones
Time exposure
Hole Cleaning

GPM, HSI and TFA

Hydraulics Decreased ROP

BUR and BHA

Mechanical Well Design
Designs
Reactive Clays
Litholgy (Red Beds)
Drilling Fluid Properties

• Density

• Funnel Viscosity

• Rheology

• Filtration Control or Fluid Loss

• Solids Content

• Chemistry