ALAT INDUSTRI KIMIA

Ade Sonya Suryandari, ST, MT, MSc

Chemical Engineering Department
Politeknik Negeri Malang
2017
 HEAT TREATMENT

PERSIAPAN PROSES
PEMISAHAN PENJUALAN
BAHAN REAKSI

• Heat treatment
• Reactor

HEAT TREATMENT
• Heat Exchanger
a. Jacket
b. Shell and tube heat exchanger
c. Plate
• Cooling Tower
• Boiler
PRESENTASI SESI 2
1. Heat Treatment
• Heat Exchanger
• Cooling Tower, Condenser, Boiler
2. Reactor (lecturer)
3. Separation
• Distillation, flash tank
• Evaporator
• Dryer
• Cyclone, clarifier, centrifuge, decanter
• Rotary vacuum filter, filter press
• Ion exchange, membrane filter, molecular shieve
PRESENTASI SESI 2

KELOMPOK 1 KELOMPOK 3
Aldi Raka • Heat Anita • Distillation
Felix Exchanger Jeanny • Flash tank

Nabila Nurhaning
Silvi Yugata

KELOMPOK 2 KELOMPOK 4
Alifah • Cooling Tower Bintang • Evaporator
Irvan Aditya • Condenser Mifta
• Boiler
Nimas Putri
Vemmy -
PRESENTASI SESI 2

KELOMPOK 5 KELOMPOK 7
Bunga • Dryer Delfira • Rotary
M. Adi M. Rais Vacuum Filter
• Filter press
Rahmanda Robiatul
- -

KELOMPOK 6 KELOMPOK 8
Cut Ariska • Cyclone Ega • Ion exchange
• Clarifier M. Yusuf • Membran
M. Irvan
• Centrifuge filter
Riswandha Safitri • Molecular
• Decanter
- - sieve
HEAT TREATMENT
Heat Exchanger

STEAM

HEATER FLUIDA UTAMA

• Jacket HE
HE • Shell and tube HE
COOLER FLUIDA UTAMA
• Plate HE

COOLING WATER
HEAT TREATMENT
Heat Exchanger

Jacket HE Shell and Tube HE Plate HE

HEAT TREATMENT
Cooling Tower
Heat
+
Air Warm water

Cooling Tower
Air Water
HEAT TREATMENT
Condenser Klasifikasi umum
a. Surface condenser
b. Direct-contact condenser

Klasifikasi menurut jenis cooling medium

a. Air cooled condenser
b. Water cooled condenser
- Shell and tube
- Shell and coil
- Tube and tubes
c. Evaporatif condenser
HEAT TREATMENT
Boiler

Sistem boiler :
PEMBAKARAN HEAT
SISTEM BAHAN BAKAR

STEAM WATER SISTEM AIR UMPAN

SISTEM STEAM

PROCESS
Air umpan boiler (boiler water feed) :

Jenisnya boiler yang umum digunakan CONDENSAT

1. Fire tube boiler
2. Water tube boiler MAKEUP WATER
HEAT TREATMENT
Boiler
Fire tube boiler
HEAT TREATMENT
Boiler
Water tube boiler
 REACTOR

Batch
Fase zat Reaktor Mixed flow reactor (MFR)
Homogen
Continuous
Reaksi
Plug Flow Reactor (PFR)
Heterogen

Katalis
Non-katalitik • Batch Reactor
• Mixed Flow Reactor
Reaksi • Plug Flow Reactor
Katalitik • Stirred Contained Solids Reactor
• Packed Bed Reactor
• Fluidized Bed Reactor
 REACTOR
Ideal Reactor
Batch Reactor

𝑎𝑘𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑖 = 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 − 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 + 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖 − 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑖

𝑎𝑘𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑖 = 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖 − 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑖

Simbol batch reactor

 REACTOR
Ideal Reactor
Mixed Flow Reactor

𝑎𝑘𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑖 = 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 − 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 + 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖 − 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑖

Steady state condition

𝑎𝑘𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑖 = 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 − 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 + 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖 − 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑖

𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 − 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖 − 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑖

Simbol MFR
 REACTOR
Ideal Reactor
Plug Flow Reactor

𝑎𝑘𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑖 = 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 − 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 + 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖 − 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑖

Steady state condition

𝑎𝑘𝑢𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑖 = 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 − 𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 + 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖 − 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑖

𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡 − 𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 = 𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑠𝑖 − 𝑘𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑠𝑖

Simbol PFR
 REACTOR

Stirred Contained Solids Reactor Fixed Bed Reactor Fluidized Bed Reactor
SEPARATION
Distillation

• Tujuan :
Memisahkan campuran
untuk mendapatkan
produk dengan
kemurnian tinggi

• Prinsip dasar distilasi :

Perbedaan titik didih

↓
Perbedaan tekanan uap
 SEPARATION
Evaporator
• Tujuan :
Memisahkan solvent (pelarut) dari larutan encer untuk mendapatkan larutan yang lebih pekat

• Prinsip dasar evaporasi :

Uap air

Solute  non-volatile

Larutan Larutan
encer Evaporator
Solvent  volatile
Steam in Steam out

Larutan
Pekat
 SEPARATION
Evaporator

• Batch pan evaporator

• Plate evaporator
Single effect evaporator • Rising film
• Falling film
• Natural circulation evaporator
EVAPORATOR • Forced circulation evaporator

Multiple effect evaporator

SEPARATION
Single effect evaporator

Batch pan evaporator Plate evaporator

SEPARATION
Single effect evaporator

Rising film evaporator Falling film evaporator

 SEPARATION
Single effect evaporator

Natural circulation evaporator Forced circulation evaporator

 SEPARATION
Multiple Effect Evaporator

• Forward feed • Backward feed

 SEPARATION
Dryer
• Tujuan :
Mengurangi kadar air suatu material (bahan) hingga batas kandungan air tertentu dengan menggunakan
gas sebagai fluida penerima uap cair.
• Prinsip dasar drying :

Water vapor

Gas Wet gases

Wet solid

Jenis dryer yang umum digunakan yaitu :

a. Tray Dryer
b. Spray Dryer
d. Rotary Drum Dryer
SEPARATION
Dryer

Tray Dryer Spray Dryer

SEPARATION
Dryer

Rotary Dryer
 SEPARATION
Cyclone
Alat yang menggunakan prinsip gaya sentrifugal dan tekanan rendah karena adanya perputaran untuk memisahkan
materi berdasarkan perbedaan massa jenis dan ukuran.
 SEPARATION
AIR KOTOR
Clarifier
CLARIFIER

AIR SLUDGE

Terdapat beberapa cara pengendapan dalam clarifier, yaitu :

• Koagulasi (penambahan coagulant aid)

penggumpalan partikel koloid dan membentuk endapan
• Flokulasi
Penggumpalan partikel untuk menjadi partikel yang lebih besar melalui pengadukan lambat
• Sedimentasi
Proses pemisahan padatan yang terkandung dalam limbah cair oleh gaya gravitasi
 SEPARATION
Centrifuge
LARUTAN
SUSPENSI CENTRIFUGE
ENDAPAN

Gerak centrifugal
 SEPARATION
Rotary Vacuum Filter

Tujuan : memisahkan padatan dari suspensi

• Operasi bersifat kontinyu

• Tahapan proses dalam rotary vacuum filter
1. Tahap penyaringan
2. Tahap pencucian
3. Tahap pengeringan
4. Tahap pengumpulan cake
 SEPARATION
Filter Press

Tujuan : memisahkan padatan dari suspensi

• Operasi berlangsung secara batch

• Tahapan proses dalam filter press
SEPARATION
Membrane Filter
SEPARATION
Ion Exchanger
Kation Exchange
2 R-H + K2+ → R2K + 2 H+
Anion Exchange
2 R-OH + A2- → R2A + 2 OH-
SEPARATION
Molecular Shieve
Terima Kasih…