BAHAN AJAR KIMIA

TOPIK : TEORI ASAM BASA

Kelas / Semester : XI/ 2
Tujuan Pembelajaran

Gambar

Pengertian Asam Basa

Teori Asam Basa

By : Kurnia SYAH PUTRI

 KOMPETENSI DASAR

Menjelaskan konsep asam dan basa

serta kekuatannya dan kesetimbangan
pengionannya dalam larutan
Menganalisis trayek perubahan pH
beberapa indikator yang diekstrak
dari bahan alam melalui percobaan
 TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN

• Menjelaskan pengertian asam dan

basa menurut Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry,
dan Lewis
• Menuliskan persamaan reaksi asam dan
basa menurut Bronsted dan Lowry dan
menunjukkan pasangan asam dan basa
konjugasinya.
 TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN

• Menjelaskan pengertian kekuatan

asam dan menyimpulkan hasil pengukuran
pH dari beberapa larutan asam dan basa
yang konsentrasinya sama.
• Menghubungkan kekuatan asam atau basa
dengan derajat pengionan (α) dan tetapan
asam (Ka) atau tetapan basa (Kb).
• Menghitung pH larutan asam atau basa
yang diketahui konsentrasinya.
 TUJUAN PEMBELAJARAN

• Merancang percobaan membuat

indikator asam basa dari bahan alam.
• Melakukan percobaan membuat indikator
asam basa dari beberapa bahan alam dan
melaporkannya.
• Mempraktikkan percobaan tentang
identifikasi asam-basa dengan berbagai
indikator
Apa yang terbersit di pikiran mu klo ada gambar ini selain lapar dan
bersih??
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yXT5fFEoNLA&index=2&list=PLHO
GBLPrsnMpFFt1cXF4Fqrq4DdZpLHdI
Berdasarkan eksperimen minggu lalu maka :

1. asam adalah
sifat nya :

2. basa adalah
sifat nya :
 ASAM BASA MENURUT
ARHENIUS
Asam adalah zat yang didalam larutan menghasilkan ion H+

HCl H+ + Cl-
Ion Hidrogen
 • Basa adalah zat yang didalam
larutannya menghasilkan ion OH-
Contoh :

NaOH Na+ + OH-

1 Ion hidroksi
Acid Compounds based on Arhenius
HCl, HNO3, HF, H2SO4, CH3COOH
Why CH3COOH is acid???
Apakah CH3 atau dari COOH?
19.1 Acid-Base Theories> Arrhenius Acids and Bases

Arrhenius Acids
Methane (CH4) is an example of a
hydrogen-containing compound that is not
an acid.
• The four hydrogen atoms in methane are
attached to the central carbon atom by
weakly polar C—H bonds.
• Methane has no ionizable hydrogens and is
not an acid.

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19.1 Acid-Base Theories> Arrhenius Acids and Bases

Arrhenius Acids
Ethanoic acid (CH3COOH), which is
commonly called acetic acid, is an example
of a molecule that contains both hydrogens
that do not ionize and a hydrogen that does
ionize.
• Although its molecules contain four hydrogens,
ethanoic acid is a monoprotic acid.

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19.1 Acid-Base Theories> Arrhenius Acids and Bases

Arrhenius Acids
A hydrogen atom that can form a hydrogen
ion is described as ionizable.
• Nitric acid (HNO3) has one ionizable hydrogen.
Nitric acid is classified as a monoprotic acid.
• Acids that contain two ionizable hydrogens,
such as sulfuric acid (H2SO4), are called
diprotic acids.
• Acids that contain three ionizable hydrogens,
such as phosphoric acid (H3PO4), are called
triprotic acids.
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• Base / alkaline compounds based on
Arhenius : NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)2

nukman_pdg@yahoo.co.id
Perhatikan persamaan reaksi
berikut :

HCl + H2O  H3O+ + Cl-

H3PO4(aq) + NaOH  NaH2PO4 + H2O

H3PO4 + OH-  H2PO4- + H2O

nukman_pdg@yahoo.co.id
Asam Basa menurut Bronsted-
Lowry
Asam adalah senyawa partikel yang dapat
memberikan proton (H+), kepada senyawa atau
partikel lain.

Basa adalah senyawa / partkel yang dapat

menerima proton ( H+) dari asam

Contoh : HCl + H2O ----- H3O+ + Cl –

19.1 Acid-Base Theories> Brønsted-Lowry Acids and
Bases

You can use the Brønsted-Lowry theory to

understand why ammonia is a base.
• When ammonia dissolves in water, hydrogen
ions are transferred from water to ammonia
to form ammonium ions and hydroxide ions.

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19.1 Acid-Base Theories> Brønsted-Lowry Acids and
Bases

You can use the Brønsted-Lowry theory to

understand why ammonia is a base.
• When ammonia dissolves in water, hydrogen
ions are transferred from water to ammonia
to form ammonium ions and hydroxide ions.

– Ammonia is a Brønsted-Lowry base because it

accepts hydrogen ions.
– Water is a Brønsted-Lowry acid because it
donates hydrogen ions.
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19.1 Acid-Base Theories> Brønsted-Lowry Acids and
Bases

Conjugate Acids and Bases

When the temperature of an aqueous
solution of ammonia is increased, ammonia
gas is released.

• HNH4+ reacts with OH– to form more NH3 and H2O.

• In the reverse reaction, ammonium ions donate
hydrogen ions to hydroxide ions.
• NH4+ (the donor) acts as a Brønsted-Lowry acid, and
OH− (the acceptor) acts as a Brønsted-Lowry base.

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19.1 Acid-Base Theories> Brønsted-Lowry Acids and
Bases

Conjugate Acids and Bases

In essence, the reversible reaction of
ammonia and water has two acids and two
bases.

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19.1 Acid-Base Theories> Brønsted-Lowry Acids and
Bases

Conjugate Acids and Bases

A conjugate acid is the ion or molecule
formed when a base gains a hydrogen ion.
• NH4+ is the conjugate acid of the base NH3.

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19.1 Acid-Base Theories> Brønsted-Lowry Acids and
Bases

Conjugate Acids and Bases

A conjugate base is the ion or molecule
that remains after an acid loses a hydrogen
ion.
• OH– is the conjugate base of the acid H2O.

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19.1 Acid-Base Theories> Brønsted-Lowry Acids and
Bases

Conjugate Acids and Bases

Conjugate acids are always paired with a
base, and conjugate bases are always
paired with an acid.
• A conjugate acid-base pair consists of two
ions or molecules related by the loss or gain
of one hydrogen ion.

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19.1 Acid-Base Theories> Brønsted-Lowry Acids and
Bases

Conjugate Acids and Bases

• The ammonia molecule and the
ammonium ion are a conjugate acid-base
pair.
• The water molecule and the hydroxide ion
are also a conjugate acid-base pair.

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19.1 Acid-Base Theories> Brønsted-Lowry Acids and
Bases

Conjugate Acids and Bases

In this reaction, hydrogen chloride is the hydrogen-

ion donor and is by definition a Brønsted-Lowry
acid. Water is the hydrogen-ion acceptor and a
Brønsted-Lowry base.
• The chloride ion is the conjugate base of the acid HCl.
• The hydronium ion is the conjugate acid of the water
base.

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19.1 Acid-Base Theories> Brønsted-Lowry Acids and
Bases

Conjugate Acids and Bases

The figure below shows the reaction that takes
place when sulfuric acid dissolves in water.
• The products are hydronium ions and hydrogen
sulfate ions.
• Use the figure to identify the two conjugate acid-
base pairs.

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19.1 Acid-Base Theories> Interpret Data

Some Conjugate
Acid-Base Pairs
Acid Base
HCl Cl–
H2SO4 HSO4–
H3O+ H2O
HSO4– SO42–
CH3COOH CH3COO–
H2CO3 HCO3−
HCO3– CO32–
NH4+ NH3
H2O OH–
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19.1 Acid-Base Theories> Brønsted-Lowry Acids and
Bases

Amphoteric Substances Some Conjugate

Acid-Base Pairs
Note that water appears Acid Base
in both the list of acids HCl Cl–
and the list of bases. H2SO4 HSO4–
• Sometimes water H3O+ H2O
accepts a hydrogen ion. HSO4– SO42–
CH3COOH CH3COO–
• At other times, it
H2CO3 HCO3−
donates a hydrogen ion.
HCO3– CO32–
• How water behaves NH4+ NH3
depends on the other H2O OH–
reactant.
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19.1 Acid-Base Theories> Brønsted-Lowry Acids and
Bases

Amphoteric Substances
A substance that can act as either an acid
or a base is said to be amphoteric.
• Water is amphoteric.
– In the reaction with hydrochloric acid,
water accepts a proton and is therefore a
base.
– In the reaction with ammonia, water
donates a proton and is therefore an acid.

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19.1 Acid-Base Theories>

How can one substance, such as

water, be both an acid and a base,
according to the Brønsted-Lowry
definition?

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19.1 Acid-Base Theories>

How can one substance, such as

water, be both an acid and a base,
according to the Brønsted-Lowry
definition?
Because water can act as both a
hydrogen-ion donator and a hydrogen-ion
acceptor, it can act as both an acid and a
base according to the Brønsted-Lowry
definition.

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Reaksi Asam dengan Basa
Diperoleh Garam dengan Air

HCl NaOH

NaCl H2O
• THE
• END...................
19.1 Acid-Base Theories> CHEMISTRY & YOU

Nitrogen compounds
in bat urine can
decompose and
release ammonia into
the air.

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19.1 Acid-Base Theories> CHEMISTRY & YOU

Visitors to Bracken Cave wear protective

gear to keep ammonia gas out of their
eyes and respiratory tracts. Think about
the properties of bases. Why are high
levels of ammonia harmful?

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19.1 Acid-Base Theories> CHEMISTRY & YOU

Visitors to Bracken Cave wear protective

gear to keep ammonia gas out of their
eyes and respiratory tracts. Think about
the properties of bases. Why are high
levels of ammonia harmful?

Ammonia is a base,
and bases are
caustic in high
concentrations.

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19.1 Acid-Base Theories> CHEMISTRY & YOU

AMMONIA???

NH3 is base ???

Where is OH- ???
How could be
ammonia is base

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Asam Basa Menurut Lewis

Asam adalah suatu partikel yang dapat

menerima pasangan elektron dari partikel
lain untuk membentuk ikatan kovalen
koordinasi.
Basa adalah suatu partikel yang dapat
memberikan pasangan elektron kepada
partikel lain untuk membentuk ikatan
kovalen koordinasi.
Indraswari
Question

Is there other compounds that are acid

base based on Lewis theory???

H2O and NH4+

Why???
1. Draw the structure Lewis both of
compounds…then you will find the reason.

nukman_pdg@yahoo.co.id