RESTORATION SPEED AND

NETWORK CAPACITY

Names: Zenin Josep Vásquez Villar. Curse: Switching, planning and network management
Juan Carlos Moncada González.
 What speed and level of restoration
coverage is required?

 100% restoration in not more than 50 msec.

 All services continue uninterrupted  Momentary
“hit“.
Examples:
 Bank teller machines and large financial trading
houses.
 data networks, 1-800 services, and some voice
business users.
 With an interrupt of between 50 msec and 200 msec
there is a less than 5% probability of connection loss
 From 200 msec to 2 seconds All circuit switching
connections, private line, nxDSO and DSI dialing
services are disconnected.
 At 10 seconds most voice-band data modems
time out, connection-oriented data sessions may be
lost depending on the session time-out, and X.25
sessions may time out.
 At 30 minutesMay require reporting to the Federal
Communication Commission (FCC)
 Centralized Control – DSX

 The DSX are manual "DSX" cross connection panels.

Centralized Control – DSX

Restore Red in 5 – 6
hours
 Centralized Control – DSC

change traffic from one circuit

to another in case of failure
 Centralized Control – Example

FASTAR (Fast Automatic

Restoration), implements
a fast Automatic
Restoration
 Distributed Control

 Alternative the domain of restoration speeds // retaining the networking efficiency.

 offers architectural simplifications.

It doesn’t require:
 centralized computation.
 real-time database image of the network
 Self-healing networks (SHN)
 Multiplexers ADM can interwork with DCS nodes
Automatic Protection Switching and
Self-healing Rings

Automatic protection switching (APS) systems restore service by

switching to a dedicated standby system.
 Automatic Protection Switching and
Self-healing Rings

Self-healing rings (SHRs)

Capacity Efficiency

For full restoration with APS systems 100% redundancy is required.

 RINGS  100% redundancy.
 U-SHR must exceed the sum of all end-to-end demands in the ring.
 SP-RINGSsparing for all spans of the ring is set by the largest aggregate
demand routed between any two adjacent nodes

mesh-restorable networks under centralized or distributed control are based

on generalized rerouting over all diverse routes of the network.
 The spare capacity on each span contributes to the survivability of many
other spans.
 Are called mesh-restorable  to reflect the ability of the routing mechanism.

 Egress for rerouting of all failed capacity on any span is possible if the sum of
the spare capacity on the (n-1) surviving spans equals or exceeds the working
capacity on the failed span.
 If the remaining body of the network is not limiting in path number between
this node and the other end of the failed span, then full restoration is
possible in the limit with network redundancy of 1/(n-1).

 Mesh networks not only achieve levels of redundancy lower than the rings,
but it is a work base that is already an efficient location of the shortest
routes for work capacity.
Gracias.