IDENTIFICATION OF A DISABLING AMAGO A lack of control is an unwanted entry of formation fluids into the well. This is because the formation pressure exceeds the hydrostatic pressure exerted by the mud against a permeable formation. If it is recognized and treated on time, it can be handled and disposed of safely. But if it is allowed to continue until it becomes uncontrollable, it can be a blowout, which is nothing more than an uncontrolled upwelling. There are several parameters to identify the upwelling among which we have:
Increased drilling speed "ROP".
Shape and size of the cuts. Collapse of the shale. Increase in torque and drag. Increase in gas content. Decrease in the density of the shale. Increase in the level of mud in the tanks. Well flowing in static conditions. Variation in the weight of the string. Shape and size of cuts The size of the cuttings generally decreases with the wear of the drill bit during drilling and if an increase occurs in the cuttings it is an indicator that we are in an abnormal area and that we may have unwanted fluids. Collapse of the shales The crumbling shales affect the drilling by causing dragging problems by narrowing the well, filling in the bottom and eventually causing the drill pipe, or other tools to be trapped. Increase in torque and drag The increase in torque and drag refers to when collapse occurs in the well they stick to the pipe and thus generates more weight so it increases more torque and will have more drag due to the weight generated by these. Increase in gas content The increase in gas content in the drilling fluid is a good indicator of areas of abnormal pressure.
Decrease in the density of the shales
Any reduction of the trend can be interpreted as a zone of higher pore pressure, since the high pressure shales are of lower density than those of normal pressures. This is the result of the pore fluids trapped in shale sections during the compaction process. Increase in the level of mud in the tanks The formation fluid that enters the well will displace or cause fluid to flow out of the well, resulting in an increase in volume in the tanks. The increase in tank volume will warn the crew that an upwelling has occurred. All tanks of the circulation system must be measured and marked in such a way that it can be quickly noticed that there is an increase in volume. Well flowing in static conditions his case is seen when, due to a suspicious problem, we stop the drilling (rotation) and raise the string until the last connection made and check whether the well is flowing or not. If this flows is an indicator that we have an invasion of an unwanted fluid Variation in the weight of the string The fluid inside the well provides a means of flotation. This means that the weight of the tube column within the sludge decreases by an amount equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the tubes. The heavier the fluid (or the greater its density), the greater the flotation that the fluid will provide. If an increase in the weight of the column is observed, this increase could be due to an influx of formation fluid that has decreased the density of the fluid around the tubes. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION..!!!