REGIONAL LEVEL LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY

MAPPING OF HUNZA RIVER WATERSHED, GILGIT

BALTISTAN,PAKISTAN

Presented By:
Maisum Hussain
Registration: 2016-MS-GS-1
Supervisor :
Dr. Muhammad Farooq Ahmed

University of Engineering & Technology Lahore

 Topic

REGIONAL LEVEL LANDSLIDE SUSCEPTIBILITY MAPPING

OF HUNZA RIVER WATERSHED, GILGIT BALTISTAN,
PAKISTAN
Agenda

Introduction
Study Area
Data and Material
Methodology
Results and Discussions
Conclusions and Recommendations
Introduction
Landsliding is one of the most significant natural hazard
in mountainous environment that cause injury to human
life and damage the property and infrastructure all over
the world.
Destabilizing Factors

Geological framework
Slope map
Vegetative cover
Anthropogenic disturbances
Seismic hazard zoning
Drainage pattern
Triggering Factors

Rainfall
Earthquake
Landslide Susceptibility

The spatial probability of landslides, also known as

susceptibility is actually the possibility of a
landslide occurrence in an area on the basis of
local terrain conditions (Brabb, 1984).
Landslide susceptibility mapping is the chance of
the spatial happening of a landslide or slope
failure event in a particular region, based on its
prevalent geo-environmental setting.
 Study Area (Hunza River Watershed)

Hunza River is principle river of

Hunza & Gilgit-Baltistan.
Formed by confluence of Kilik
& Khunjrab nalas.
The Hunza River cuts through
the Karakoram Range, flowing
from N-S.
The Hunza River watershed
which encompassing 8000 km2
area.
 Study Area

Ten lithological units

constitutes geology of
the study area.
 Rock units composed
of Shale, Limestone,
slates and phyllites are
susceptible to landslide.
 Data and Material

The thematic map

layers, which are the
key instability factors
to generate landslide
have been generated
in the environment of
ArcGIS 10.5 software.
 Lithology map layer
 Elevation map layer
 Data and Material

Seismic map layer

Drainage map layer
Structure map layer
Rain fall map layer
NDVI map layer
 Data and Material
Each thematic map
layer is reclassified
to a common scale
ranges from 1-9.
Rating given to each
class of thematic
maps is based on
their instability to
generate landslide
susceptibility.
Data and Material
Methodology

Three different methods have been employed to

develop landslide susceptibility mapping of Hunza
River Watershed.
Weighted Overlay Process
Fuzzy Logic
Analytical Hierarchy Process
 Results and Discussions

Weighted overlay and

landslide susceptibility
mapping
In this process
weightage assigned
to each map layers
have been overlaid
in the environment
of ArcGIS.
 Results and Discussions

Different run on
various weightage
given to each layer
has been performed
to obtained landslide
susceptibility maps.
Results and Discussions
Results and Discussions

The distribution of hazard zones in

percentage, obtained from combination of
different map layers in weighted overlay
process.
 Results and Discussions

Fuzzy Logic and landslide

susceptibility mapping
The landslide susceptibility
maps generated from
fuzzy logic are more
realistic than the maps
generated from weighted
overlay process because it
precisely distributes
various hazard zones.
Results and Discussions
Three runs are carried on gamma values of 0.9, 0.8 and
0.7.
Result depicts that the low hazard zone is less than 11%,
the moderate hazard zone is less than 53%, the high
hazard zone is less than 55% and the very high hazard
zone is less than 2%.
 Results and Discussions

Analytical hierarchy
process and landslide
susceptibility mapping
In this process pairwise
comparison values were
given to causative
factors to obtain relative
weight of each factor.
 Results and Discussions

The results obtained

from this process are
resemblance to the
results of weighted
overlay process.
Results and Discussion

Verification of results
Results and Discussions
 Results and Discussions

Verification of results
Dated and documented
landslides are overlaid
over landslide
susceptibility map.
 Results and Discussions

Verification of results
Remnants of documented
landslide in Jamal Abad,
Hunza is being traced and
captured during field visit of
study area.
 Results and Discussions

Verification of results
Scarp of documented
landslide in Budalas Chalt
Nagar is being traced and
captured during field visit
of study area.
 Results and Discussions

Verification of results
Google Earth Pro view of
dated landslide Attabad
Hunza, dashed red line
depicts scarp of
landsliding.
 Conclusions
 In this regional level landslide susceptibility mapping low cost, simple
and yet reliable techniques were employed to collect landslide
susceptibility maps.
 A comparison among the 3 employed methods namely Weighted
overlay, Analytical hierarchy process and Fuzzy logic is carried, in
order to find most suitable one.
 I n this way a number of 910 documented rockslides were overlapped
with susceptibility maps developed by employing 3 techniques. It was
found that 56%, 62% and 70% of documented rockslides were
occupied place in very to very high hazard zones of susceptibility
maps developed by employing Analytical hierarchy process, weighted
overlay index and fuzzy logic techniques respectively.
 Conclusions
 However, the Fuzzy logic technique reveals significant results, then
the other 2 techniques (as named above) by adopting 70% of
documented rockslides in extreme hazard zones of susceptibility
map.
 The overall results of this study depict that the high and very high
hazard zones are concentrated on the regions those contain most
active faults, and fragile geologic setup especially along the main
Hunza River.
 The results were verified with the help of field visit, documented
landslides, and already published landslide inventory mapping and
it was encouraging that 70% of documented slides overlapped in
high and very high hazard zones of landslide susceptibility maps.
 Recommendations
This study was conducted on regional basis due to the lack of
availability of high resolution satellite imageries, the results
could be improved by using high resolution DEM data like
LiDAR, RADAR or InSAR and other type of refined information
regarding the local topographic features and detailed geologic
maps.
The areas those fall under high and very high landslide
susceptibility zones should be monitored and examined in
detail using advance drone technology and laser scanners by
the local authorities, in order to minimize the landslides and
rock fall hazards.
 Refrences

Brabb EE (1984), Innovative approaches to landslide

hazard and risk mapping. Proceedings of 4th
International Symposium on Landslides, Totonto,
Canada, vol 1. BiTech Publishers, Vancouver 307–324.
Ahmed MF, Rogers JD, Abu Bakar MZ (2016) Hunza river
watershed landslide and related features inventory
mapping. Environ Earth Sci, 75:523.