Introduction :-

TiO2 belongs to the family of transition metal oxides.

Four polymorphs of TiO2 :-

Anatase-
Tetragonal

Brookite -
Orthorhombic TiO2
Rutile -
Tetragonal
TiO2 (B)-
Monoclinic
 Stable at high temperature
 Thermodynamically favorable phase
 Once formed, it grew much faster than anatase
 Very poor activity as photocatalyst
 Activity depends on preparation conditions

Anatase

At certain
particle size
Stable, when particle
size < 14 nm
Brookite
Rutile
 Stable at low temperature
 high electron mobility
 low dielectric constant
 lower density
 used in solar applications

HF-
Uniform anatase morphology 47%
Yang et al
crystal controlling (001) facets
agent
 Heated ≥
400◦C
Transformation of
amorphous TiO2
to anatase TiO2

Pores may be
Normal collapsed in
TiO2 powder TiO2 powder

Surface area
decreases
 Mixing of rutile and anatase phases
 Rutile phase with large surface area and
high crystallinity
 Duration of heat treatment

Apart form these

conditions the photo
catalytic activity can be
enhanced more by the
preparation of
Nanoparticles of TiO2
 TiO2 as nanoplates and belts :-

Dawson et al prepared TiO2 nanoplates and belts as follows

TiO2 nanoplates

TiO2 nanotubes

Reaction time increased up to 7 days, exclusively TiO2nanoplates

and nano-belts are the resulting products
TiO2 as nanotubes :-

Yana et al. prepared pure rutile nanotubes.

Hydrothermal process
Rutile –anatase + NaOH
TiO2 Water-ethanol
Pure rutile
solution nanotubes

TiO2 as nanorods :-

Pradhan et al. grew TiO2 nanorods.

Tungsten carbide-cobalt Metal organic CVD

substrate diameter=50-100nm
Length = 0.5-2mm

Nanorods
 +
pH Value is
Hydrolysis
adjusted by adding
catalyst
HNO3 or NH4OH
hydrolysis

peptization Heated 60-70◦C for 18-20hr

Characterization of TiO2 nanoparticle:-
XRD patterns of TiO2 nanoparticles
 TiO2 does
not absorb
visible light

GaAs, PbS, CdS are

photocorrosive in
ZnO is unstable aqueous medium When Fe2O3,SnO3,
and forms Zn(OH)2 WO3 are used, external
which inactivates bias should be given to
the catalyst over start the splitting of
time water
 self cleaning property
 inactive the pollutants suspended in air
 can reduce the air pollution
 In Belgium, photocatalytic cementitious coating material was applied on the
side walls and roof (total area of about 2700 m²) of a tunnel section of
about 160 m in length in one of the tunnel tubes directing to the city center.
 The air-purifying product was activated by a dedicated UV lighting system using
Supratec “HTC 241 R7s” light bulbs
 prevents the bacterial or fungal growth
 capable of eventual destruction that microorganisms
 on exposure to UV light microorganisms are destroyed
on the surface of photocatalyst
 destroyed microorganisms washed away by rain
 Bifunctional electode Persist towards the toxic
pollutants in industrial and
Thin film of TiO2 agricultural wastewater
TiO2 plate
Thin film of Ta2O5.IrO2 Electrocatalyst

Photocatalytic reactor

Immobalised TiO2 nanoparticles

Photocatalytic
degradation of a textile dye Degradation of Acid Blue 25 in textile
( Acid Blue 25) waste water, reducing its toxicity
 Photocurrent acts as energy
for the reaction of splitting of
Water into hydrogen and oxygen

 Oxygen evolution occurred at

the TiO2 electrode

 Hydrogen evolution occurred

at the Pt electrode

 Here no external voltage of

current is used