CARDIOVASCULAR

SYSTEM
MS. P.S RENUKA
KHYATI COLLEGE OF NURSING
 ANEURYSM

 AN LOCALIZED SAC OR DILATION OF AN ARTERY FORMED AT A WEAK POINT IN

THE VESSEL WALL.

 CAUSES - ATHEROSCLEROSIS, INFECTION, TRAUMA TO THE WALL OF THE

ARTERY, CONGENITAL DEFECTS.
 TYPES – SACCULAR AND FUSIFORM, MYCOTIC, AORTIC ANEURYSYM
 AROTIC ANEURYSMS ARE USUALLY CLASSIFED AS THORACIC, ABDOMINAL OR
DISSECTING
DUE TO ETIOLOGY (ATHEROSCLEROSIS, INFECTION ETC)

ENLARGEMENT OF SEGMENTS OF AN ARTERY

TUNICA MEDIA IS DAMAGED

PROGRESSIVE DILATION AND DEGENERATION OF ARTERY

ANEURYSM
 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS-
Thoracic aortic aneurysm- constant, boring pain which may occur only when supine,
dyspnea, cough or stridor , hoarseness, weak voice or aphonia, dysphagia ,edematous
areas on chest wall .
Abdominal aortic aneurysm
patient complains of heart beating in abdomen when lying down or a feeling of an
abdominal mass , blue –toe syndrome, severe back pain.
Dissecting aneurysm
sudden onset with severe and persistent pain described as tearing and ripping in
anterior chest wall , pallor, sweating and tachycardia
 ASSESSMENT AND DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS
 CHEST RADIOGRAPH
 ANGIOGRAM
 TRANSESOPHAGEAL ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY
 MRI, CT
 IN ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS, A PULSATILE MASS IN MIDDLE AND UPPER
ABDOMENT, A SYSTOLIC BRUIT MAY BE AUSCULTATED OVER THE MASS.
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT
 STRICT CONTROL OF BP AND REDUCTION IN PULSATILE FLOW.
 SYSTOLIC PRESSURE MAINTAINED AT 100 TO 120 MM HG WITH
ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUGS
 PULSATILE FLOW REDUCED BY MEDICATIONS THAT REDUCE CARDIAC
CONTRACTILITY SUCH AS PROPRANOLOL.

SURGICAL MANAGEMENT-
RESECTION AND BYPASSS GRAFT OR ENDOVASCULAR GRAFTING
 NURSING MANAGEMENT
o Assessment is guided by the fact that the aneurysm may rupture .
o Establish functional capacity of all organ systems, recognizing possible
cerebral, cardiovascular, pulmonary and renal impairment due to
atherosclerosis.
o Implement medical therapies to stabilize patient