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‘ भ्यागुते रोग ’
Abhinandan Shrestha
Abhishek kharel
Introduction
• Is a acute infectious disease caused by toxigenic
strain of Corynebacterium diphtheriae ,a gram-
positive bacillus.
• Derived from Greek word diphthera leather.
• Primarily infects the throat and upper airways by
producing a toxin.
• The diphtheria exotoxin causes a membrane of dead
tissue to build up over the throat and tonsils, making
breathing and swallowing difficult.
Dense adherent pseudomembrane
National 92
Epidemiological traid
Agent
Corynebacterium
diphtheriae.
Host
Environment
Children < 5yrs
Winter
old
Agent
Causative agent: Corynebacterium diphtheriae.
Infective material:
– Nasopharyngeal secretions
– Discharges from skin lesions
– Contaminated fomites
Portal of Entry:
– Respiratory route
– Non respiratory route
Host
• Age: Children 1 to 5 yrs but shift in age been
observed from preschool to school.
• Immunity:
– Infants born of immune mothers relatively immune
during first few weeks or months.
(It is generally true that diphtheria occurs only in person
who posses no anti toxin.)
Environment
• All seasons but more in winter
• Over crowded conditions
• Poor sanitation.
Mode of transmission:
– Mainly, Droplet infection.
– Infected cutaneous lesions.
– Objects contaminated with nasopharyngeal secretions.
(eg: toys, pencils, cups etc)
• Mild erythema,
localised exudate ,
pseudo membrane.
Antigens % achieved
DPT-Hep B Hib 1 90.3