Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Dosen Pengampu :
Irene Nindita Pradnya, ST, MSc
Tatap muka 16 kali pertemuan
8 kali pertemuan dengan masing-masing dosen
pengampu, 7 kali pertemuan kuliah dan
pertemuan yang ke 8 ujian tengah semester.
Examination will be based on regular task and
conducted closed book.
Penilaian
60 % ujian
40 % tugas
Jadwal kuliah E12-309 15.00-16.40
Terlambat 10 menit, lebih baik tidak masuk kuliah.
Tugas dikirim ke email :
tugasbunindi@gmail.com
Tingkat Tingkat
Gula Gula
kemanisan kemanisan
Sukrosa 100 D-Mannitol 69
Galactitol 41 D-Mannosa 59
D-Fruktosa 114 Raffinosa 22
D-Galaktosa 63 D- 33
Rhamnosa
D-Glukosa 69 D-Sorbitol 51
Gula invert 95 Xylitol 102
Laktosa 39 D-Xylose 67
Maltosa 46
Reaksi
Reaksi millard
pencoklatan
Browning akibat
vitamin C
Browning the process of formation a yellow pigment which will soon turn into
a dark brown
polifenol oksidase This enzyme catalyzes the oxidation of phenol into quinone
compound which is then polymerized into a brown pigment
melaniadin
Enzymatic The formation of a brown color that triggered by an oxidation
Browning reaction catalyzed by the enzyme phenol oxidase or polyphenol
oxidase
Enzyme changes in the structure of the enzyme due to the destruction of
denaturation hydrogen bonds and other secondary forces which decide the
protein molecule
Maillard Reaction the reaction between reduced carbohydrates, especially sugars
(glucose, fructose, galactose, lactose, maltose) with a primary
amine group
Caramelization the process of non-enzymatic browning caused by heating sugars
that go beyond its melting point, for example at temperatures
above 170 ° C produced brown sugar
ascorbic acid Redactor compound for the formation of brown non-enzymatic
Pencoklatan (browning) merupakan proses
pembentukan pigmen berwarna kuning yang akan
segera berubah menjadi coklat gelap.
Structure Phenol
Theaflavin, a polyphenol in tea
Polyphenols can be divided into many different sub
categories:
1. Anthocyans (colours in fruits )
Blueberries, a rich
source of
anthocyanins
Pencoklatan enzimatis pada makanan
biasanya hal yang tidak diinginkan karena
merusak kualitas penampilan buah atau
sayur, meskipun pencoklatan enzimatis tidak
terlalu mempengaruhi rasa dari bahan
pangan tsb.
Pencegahan Browning Enzimatis
2. Sulfit :
a. menghambat enzim fenolase pada
konsentrasi 1 ppm secara langsung, atau
b. mereduksi hasil oksidasi quinon bentuk
fenolat sebelumnya.
Pencegahan Browning Enzimatis
3. Penggunaan vitamin C dapat mereduksi kembali
quinon berwarna hasil oksidasi (o-quinon) senyawa
fenolat (o-difenol) tak berwarna.