PM 2.

5,PM 10 Reduction Study

By,
Sayan Biswas
Abhishek Verma
Anand Vishnu
 What is PM?

PM10 is particulate matter 10 micrometres or less in diameter, PM2.5 is

particulate matter 2.5 micrometres or less in diameter. PM2.5 is generally
described as fine particles. By way of comparison, a human hair is about 100
micrometres, so roughly 40 fine particles could be placed on its width.
 SOURCES OF EMISSION
Natural sources
• Natural sources of PM10 and PM2.5 include bushfires, dust storms, pollens
and sea spray.

Transport sources
• Vehicles will generate particulates either from direct emissions from the
burning of fuels (especially diesel powered vehicles) or from wear of tyres
or vehicle-generated air turbulence on roadways. Particles may also be
generated from the action of wind on the dusty material that the vehicle
may be carrying.

Consumer products
• Particulates are not generally included intentionally in any product but
may be present as part of the product, for example as part of talc or other
powder products.
 EFFECTS ON THE ENVIRONMENT
Entering the environment:
• Particles in the air affect both the quality of the air and visibility.
Once in the air particulate matter generally takes a long time to
settle. The particulates may be washed from the air by rain or snow.
When they settle on land they may settle permanently or be re-
entrained. In water particulates may settle, dissolve or both.

Where it ends up:

• PM10 and PM2.5 are very fine and light and are therefore easily
entrained into the air by wind or disturbances. Chemical changes
may occur, as may reactions with other substances, depending on
the composition of the particles. Particles may stick together or
break apart, changing the size distribution over time.
PM Standards
Example: PM mapping of Delhi.
 Emission Reduction Using Electrolytic
Precipitation.
• An electrostatic precipitator (ESP) is a filtration device that
removes fine particles, like dust and smoke, from a flowing
gas using the force of an induced electrostatic
charge minimally impeding the flow of gases through the unit.

• In contrast to wet scrubbers which apply energy directly to

the flowing fluid medium, an ESP applies energy only to the
particulate matter being collected and therefore is very
efficient in its consumption of energy (in the form of
electricity)
 Plate Precipitator
The most basic precipitator contains a row of thin vertical wires, and
followed by a stack of large flat metal plates oriented vertically, with
the plates typically spaced about 1 cm to 18 cm apart, depending on
the application. The air stream flows horizontally through the spaces
between the wires, and then passes through the stack of plates.
A negative voltage of several thousand volts is applied between wire
and plate. If the applied voltage is high enough, an electric corona
discharge ionizes the air around the electrodes, which then ionizes the
particles in the air stream.
The ionized particles, due to the electrostatic force, are diverted
towards the grounded plates. Particles build up on the collection plates
and are removed from the air stream.
A two-stage design (separate charging section ahead of collecting
section) has the benefit of minimizing ozone production, which would
adversely affect health of personnel working in enclosed spaces.
Thank You