REVISION

Purpose of Interpersonal Communication

• Achieve/fulfill individual needs (mencapai

kehendak diri)
• Explore the outside world (mencari dunia luar)
• Establish meaningful relatonship (mewujudkan
hubungan bermakna)
• Change of attitude and behavior (mengubah sikap
dan tingkahlaku)
• Accomplish certain tasks (melaksanakan sesuatu
tugas)
 Factors influencing interpersonal relationship (Faktor yang
mempengaruhi hubungan antara peribadi)

• This factors are called as attraction (tarikan).

1.Similarity (kesamaan) in terms of attitude
(sikap),personality and ability (keupayaan).
– Homophily (kesamaan) versus hetrophily
(ketidaksamaan) in any aspects such as age, religion,
political view, education level, financial status etc.
2. Proximity (kedekatan jarak) plays role in i/p
communication as it provide opportunity for
interaction between two people for example parking
a car in the same parking space.
 Factors influencing interpersonal relationship (Faktor yang
mempengaruhi hubungan antara peribadi)

• This factors are called as attraction (tarikan).

3. Reward (ganjaran) can be measured in terms of
satisfaction either in monetary or non –monetary.
4. Personal attributes (sifat peribadi) in terms of
physical attraction or internal attributes (sahsiah
diri) such as kind, helpful, high self- confidence
etc.
Good interpersonal relationship climate

• Acoording to Gibb (1961), communication

climate can be divided into:
i. Defensive
ii. Supportive
iii. Believe (percaya)
iv. Openess (keterbukaan)
 Stages in Interpersonal Relationship

i. Beginning (permulaan): relationship is

initiate when people are attracted and wish
to interact with other people.
ii. Maintenance (pemeliharaan)
iii. End of a relationship
Effective interpersonal relationship
• Two approach:
i. humanistic approach (PAS)
ii. pragmatic approach
 SUPORTIF

HUMANISTIC

POSITIF SAKSAMA
 Pragmatic Approach
• An effective communicator are:
i. Confidence (keyakinan) in communicating
with others and does not show any sign of
uncertainty or fear (kebimbangan).
ii. Urgency (kesegeraan) referring to the ability
to engage other people in the interaction by
creating common interest or attraction
 Pragmatic Approach
• An effective communicator are:
iii. Managing interaction (mengurus interaksi)
:ability to ensure people involve in the
interaction are not left out and satisfied with
the interaction.
iv. Convey/express (menyampaikan/meluahkan):
openness in interaction, responsible in others
feelings, encouraging others to express their
feelings and providing appropriate feedback.
 Personality Characteristics in Interpersonal
Communication
• Personality of the communicator will affect
the communication:
– Uncertainties in communication
– Assertive
 Uncertainties in communication
(kebimbangan dalam komunkasi)
• Uncertainties in communication including
shyness, inability to communicate and stage
fright.
• Divided into two:
– Trait (kebimbangan tret): occurring in every type
of communication
– Specific (kebimbangan khusus): occuring in a
specific situation such as speaking in front of
public.
 Factors that caused uncertainties in
communication
1.Lack of skills and experience in communicating either verbal or non verbal (kurangnya
kemahiran dan pengalaman berkomunikasi samada secara verbal atau bukan verbal).
2. Evaluation (penilaian): the more we expect situation where we will be evaluated by
other people, the more uncertainties it created.
3. Lower in status (sebagai orang bawahan) the higher the position or status the other
individual that we are suppose to communicate with, the more uncertainties arise in us.
4. Level of exposure (tahap pendedahan): certain people are more comfortable when
communicating with close friends compared with communicating with large group of
people.
5. Unexpected situation (keadaan yang tidak boleh dijangka) the less predictable he
situation, the more uncertainties arise in communication.
6. Familiarity and similarity(kebiasaan dan kesamaan): the more familiar we with another
person the more comfortable we feel in communicating. The less similar and familiar we
with another person, the more uncertainties we feel in communicating.
7. Past success or failure (kejayaaan dan kegagalan masa lalu): success will build
confidence and failure will give rise to uncertainty.
 Ways to overcome uncertainties in
communication
• Increase skills and experience
• Be ready and practice
• Concentrate on success
• Familiarize with any situation
• Be calm in any situation
• Imagine that other people are unable to
detect uncertainties in us
 Assertive
• Assertive personality try to use his/her rights
in terms of feelings and thinking, expressing
them without disturbing or repress others
right in communication.
• Able to adjust their behavior and promote the
positive feelings in other people which will
smoothen the communication process.