Ace Institute of Management

BBA 6th Semester

Small Business Venturing
 A small business may be defined as a business with a
small number of employees or with limited capital.
 Normally privately owned corporations, partnerships
or sole proprietorship
 Examples: Convenience stores, restaurants, guests
houses, hairdressers, tradesmen, solicitors,
accountants
 They are Independent and mostly managers are
owners
Small Business Venturing
 According to Industry Act of Nepal: Industry with
fixed assets up to an amount of thirty million shall be
defined as Small Industry

 Accroding to Longenecker, Moore and Petty

A small business has financing supplied by one
individual or a small group, has geographically
localized operation expect marketing, is small
compared to the biggest firms in industry and has
employees usually fewer than hundred
Small Business Venturing
 Characteristics of Small Business
 Management is independent
 Closely held ownership
 Local operations
 Small size in terms of numbers of employee, turn over,
fixed assets and capital
Small Business Venturing
 Types of Small Business Activities
 Manufacturing
 Wholesaling
 Retailing
 Services
 Financial Services
 Professional Services
 Transport Services
 Repair Services
Small Business Venturing
 Importance
 Innovation
 Complementary to Large Business
 Flexibility
 Job creation and Satisfaction
 Close Relation
 Competition
 Higher Financial Reward
Small Business Venturing
 Advantages and Disadvantages
Advantages Disadvantage
Independence Risk of Failure
Innovation Inadequate Management
Responsiveness Laws and Regulations
Employment Creation Marketing Problems
Financial Performance Technology
Interdependence Poor Financial Management
International Entrepreneurship
Opportunities
 International Entrepreneurship is the
process of an entrepreneur conducting
business activities across national
boundaries.

• When an entrepreneur executes his or her

business model in more than one country,
international entrepreneurship is occurring.
Importance of International Business to the
firm.
 International business has become increasingly important
to firms of all sizes particularly today due to intense
competition leading to hypercompetitive global economy.

•But before entering into international business

entrepreneur must fully understand how international
business differs from purely domestic business and an
entrepreneur should be able to respond it accordingly.
Questions for Entrepreneur before
venturing into international Market
1) Is managing international business different from
managing domestic business?
2) What are the strategic issues to be resolved in international
business management? Eg. Allocation of responsibility,
planning and control, structure, standardization
3) What are the options available for engaging in
international business?

4) How should one assess the decision to enter into an

international market? Eg. Profits, market share, competition
International Versus Domestic
Entrepreneurship
 Economical
 Stage of Economic Development: Relate income of
people, infrastructure, banking facilities
 Balance of Payment: difference between import and
exports
 Type of system
 Political and Legal Environment
 Cultural Environment
 Technological Environment
Entrepreneurial Entry into International
Business
 Three options of entering into international business
market –

1) Exporting

2) Nonequity arrangements

3) Direct Foreign Investment

Exporting
 Selling goods made in one country to another country.
 Usually an entrepreneur starts doing international business through
exporting.
 Two general classification of exporting –
Indirect : Involves a foreign purchaser in the local market or
using an export management firm.
Requires least amount of risk and knowledge about market
Disadvantages: the intermediary still requires sales support,
The intermediary takes a margin, You have no direct contact with the end
customer, You will have less control over the actual final transaction,
You don’t get to learn about the overseas market, which could slow
down longer term expansion plans.
Direct exporting: Through independent distributors or through
one’s own overseas sales office is another entry method.
An independent foreign distributor directly contacts foreign
customers and takes care of all technicalities.
Direct Exporting
•Advantage
•You are in control of pricing
•You are in full control of your brand
•You get a direct understanding of
buyers' or end users' needs and an
ability to customize accordingly
•You maintain the customer
relationship
•You are able to identify possible new
opportunities
•Your customers may prefer dealing dire
•Disadvantages
•it will take a lot of time, energy, staff
resources and money
•competitors with a local presence will
be perceived as lower risk to buy from
•after-sales commissioning and service
may require local language capability
•prompt troubleshooting may not be
able to be done remotely and will
require additional visits
•growth will be slower
2) Non Equity Arrangement
 Doing international business through an arrangement that
does not involve any investment
 Entrepreneurs who either cannot export or make direct
investment go for non equity arrangement
 Types of Non equity arrangements
 Licensing
 Gives rights to use patent, trademark and technology
 In return takes royalty
 Appropriate where market is difficult to enter
 Low risk
 Should be careful as several pitch falls ( fare of licensing largest
competitors)
 Turn key Projects
 Appropriate for least developed or developing countries
 Foreign partners builds the facility, train employee and
management to run the instalment
 Once the operation is in line then is given to the local owner
 Financing is normally local owner or government
 Initial profits can be made and follow up export sales can be
made
 Management Contracts
 Entrepreneurs contracts management skill and techniques
 Allows purchasing country to gain foreign expertise with
turning ownership to foreigner
 Sometimes follows the turn key projects where foreign owners
wants to use the management.
3) Direct Foreign Investment
Where an entrepreneur himself invests capital
in international markets

Methods of Direct Foreign Investment –

Minority Interests – Having less than 50% ownership
position (E.g Standard chartered), provide the firm with
either a source of supply or captive market for product,
done to gain a foothold in the market before making major
investment.
Joint venture – Two Company Forming a Third
Company (E.g Surya Nepal Ltd). JVs are formed
when entreprenerus want to purchase local
knowledge and an established facility

Majority Interests – Having more than 50%

ownership position (e.g Dabur Nepal Ltd), Allows
the entrepreneur to obtain managerial control
while maintaining the company’s local identity
 100 percent Ownership:
 Ensures complete ownership and Control.
 Goes into 100 % ownership only entrepreneur has
technology, capital and Marketing Skills
 Merger and acquisition: Basically 5 types of mergers
 Horizontal Merger: Combination of two firms doing similar
business in same market level
 Vertical Merger: Combination of two firms in successive stage
of production.
 Product extension Merger: Combination of two firms with
non competing product
 Market extension Merger: Combination of at least two firms
with similar product in two different geographic location
 Diversified activity Merger: Combination of at least two
totally unrelated products
Franchising
 A franchise is an arrangement by the manufacturer
or sole distributor of trademarketed product or
service that provides exclusive rights of local
distribution to independent retailers in return for
their payment of royalty.
 Franchising is a marketing system revolving
around a two party legal agreement, whereby the
franchise conducts business according to terms
specified by the franchisor.
Franchising
 Characteristics of franchise –

 It is a marketing system for well known brands or

trade mark
 It involves two parties – franchisor and franchise.
 It provides exclusive rights for local distribution of
specific products or service to franchisee
 It covers a specific territory.
Franchising
 Advantage of Franchising – to the Franchisee
 Product Acceptance
 Management Expertise
 Capital Requirements
 Knowledge of the market
 Operating and Structural Control
 Advantage of Franchising – to the Franchisor
 Expansion Risk
 Cost Advantages
 Disadvantages of Franchising- to the Franchisee
 Unfulfilled promises
 Franchise Fees
 Franchisor Control
 If the Franchisor business fails then Franchisee will be
left with nothing

 Disadvantages of Franchising- to the Franchisor

 Poor Mgmt of Franchisee
 Negative effect on entire franchise system
Franchising
 Types of Franchises
 Distributorship
 Chain- Style operation
 Service franchises- income tax preparation companies,
real estate agencies
Defining Ethics
 Basic rules or parameters for conducting any activity in
an acceptable manner
 Set of principals prescribing a behavioral code that
explains what is right or wrong
 Outlines moral duties and obligation
 Entrepreneurs faces many ethical decisions especially
during early stages of their new venture
 Conflict over the ethical nature is very prevalent.
Ethics and Law
 Legal Vs Ethical
 Law provides what is illegal but it does not prove what is
ethical considerations.
 It is managerial rationalization about the justifying the
conduct. Four Rationalization are
 Activity is not really illegal
 Individual or corporation best interest
 Will never be found
 It helps the company
Ethics and Law
 Within the rationalization framework there exists four
distinct managerial roles
Types Direct Effect Examples
Non role Against the firm Expense account cheating, Embezzlement.
Stealing supplies
Role Against the firm Superficial performance appraisal, Not
Failure confronting expense account cheating
Role For the firm Bribery, price fixing, manipulation suppliers
Distortion
Role For the firm Using nuclear technology for energy
assertion generation, Not withdrawing product line in
(allegation face of initial allegation of inadequate safely
)
Ethics and Law
 Economic Tradeoff
 In some cases there exist trade off between profit and
social welfare. For example
 Cigarette Advertisement
 Running toxic water in the river
 Lay offs during Economic downturn
Establishing a strategy for ethical
responsibility
 Ethical Practices and Code of Conduct
 Code of conduct is a statement of ethical practices or
guidelines which an enterprise adheres
 Covers multitude of subjects, ranging from misuse of
corporate assets, conflict of interest, falsification books
etc
 This is becoming more prevalent in organization
 They are also becoming implemented these days
Establishing a strategy for ethical
responsibility
 Approaches to Managerial Ethics
Should understand own ethical norms, motives, goals,
orientation toward law and strategy towards immoral,
amoral and moral management.
Moving from immoral to moral management can be done
by conduction seminars and trainings
Establishing a strategy for ethical
responsibility
 Holistic Approach: Entrepreneurs should try holistic
approach that allows personnel understand what they
can do and cannot do
 To apply entrepreneurs can develop specific principles
 Principle 1: Hire the right people
 Principle 2: Set standards more than rules
 Principle 3: Don’t get yourself get isolated meaning be
informed
 Principle 4: Let your ethical example at all times be absolutely
impeccable
Establishing a strategy for ethical
responsibility
 Ethical Responsibility
 Ethical Consciousness: The awareness about ethics should come
from the entrepreneur himself
 Ethical Process and Structure: Refers to procedure, positions,
statements and announced ethical goals designed.
 Institutionalization: Deliberate step to incorporate the
entrepreneurs ethics.
Social Responsibility
 Business obligation towards society
 Extends to different areas: Environment, Energy, Fair
Business Practices, Human Resources, Community
Involvement, Products
 Social action of Businesses can be classified into three
categories.
 Social Obligation: Simply react to social issues through
obedience of law
 Social Responsibility: Responses more actively accepting
responsibility for various programs
 Social Responsiveness: Highly proactive and also willing to be
evaluated by public for various activities.
E-entrepreneur
 An e-entrepreneur is defined as an individual willing
to take the risk of investing time and money in an
electronic business that has the potential to make a
profit or incur a loss.
 E-entrepreneurship is the act of managing an
electronic enterprise that has the potential to make a
profit or incur a loss.
Some of Famous E- Entrepreneurs
 Chad Hurley and Steve Chen – You tube
 Mark Zuckerberg – Facebook
 Sergey Brin and Larry Page- Google
 Kevin Rose - Digg
Bricks and Mortar Business
 Has a material presence
 Has a tangible location where potential customers can
actually walk in and interact with employees
 Examples: storefront, storage facility, office space, or
manufacturing facility
Virtual Business
 Does not have a material space designed to receive
customers
 Transacts most of its business online
 Can deal with customers from any location that offers
Internet capability
Why E- Entrepreneurship
 Approximately 75 percent of Americans have access to
the Internet from home.
 That means over 200 million people are potential
customers for the entrepreneur with an Internet site.
 Cost of starting up and operating cost are usually lower
than those in a brick and mortar business
 Do not incur cost such as relocation cost
 Ability to monitor price fluctuations that competitors
are offering
 Assistance may be provided instant
E- Commerce
 Electronic commerce refers to the buying and
selling of products or services over electronic systems
such as the Internet and other computer networks.
However, the term may refer to more than just buying
and selling products online. It also includes the entire
online process of developing, marketing, selling,
delivering, servicing and paying for products and
services. The amount of trade conducted electronically
has grown extraordinarily with widespread Internet
usage
Internet Impact
Most Impact Less Impact
Financial Services Retailing
Entertainment Manufacturing
Health Care information Travel
Education Power
Government
Ecommerce
 Advantage
 Ability of small firms to compete with other companies
both locally and internationally
 Creation of possibility and opportunity for more diverse
people to start a business
 Convenient and easy way of doing business transaction
 Higher revenues for small businesses that utilize the
internet
 Minimizes the marketing cost reaching to boarder
markets
 Challenges
 Managing upgrades
 Assuring security for a website
 Avoid being a victim of fraudulent activities online
 Handling the cost required to maintain the site
 Finding and retaining qualified employees
Components of e-commerce
Front End Operations:
 Website functionality,
 Search capabilities, shopping cart and secure payment

Back-End Operations
 Operations that happens beyond the web page
 Seamless integration of customers orders
 Distribution channels, manufacturing capabilities
Integration of Front and Back end Operation
is a Challenge but provide opportunity for
developing competitive advantage
Business Models and Strategies
 A business Model is a plan for earning profit and the
configuration of a business
 B2C ( Business to Consumer) Business Model: Selling
directly to the final consumer and end user. It is
sometimes called e-tailing
 B2B ( Business to Business ) Business Model: Final user
is not an individual consumer but another company.
Saves back office bookkeeping, sales, and admin cost as
they are industry specific
Business Models and Strategies
 B2B2C Business Model: Produces a product for another
business that then markets it to the consumers.
 Niches: Niche business on the web can be defined as a
firm that targets a very specific market segment,
provides that segment with a complete vertical supply
chain or specializes in a very specific kind of product
 Click and Bricks: Combination of a physical presence
business and an Internet business.
 Roll-Ups business Model: Buying of many of smaller
competitors.
Business Models and Strategies
 Advertising Models: Earnings through advertising on
others site
 Pay for the content Model: Users must pay to access a
website.
Business Incubation
Most of the creative idea are never taken up to
development stage
They have difficulty in starting up the business.
Business Incubation is the process of assisting new
venture to getting started.
The basis purpose of incubator is to increase the chances
of survival for new start up businesses.
They provide services from physical amenities to support
services
Business Incubation
 Business Incubator provide facility with adaptable
space that small business can lease on flexible terms
and at reduced rents
 Also provides services technical, financial, managerial
and administrative
 These are available and shared, depending on the size
and nature of tenants needs
Service Benefits
 Below the market rate rental space on flexible terms
 Elimination of building Maintenance responsibilities
 Sharing of equipment and services that would
otherwise be unavailable or unaffordable.
 Access to various types of financial and technical
assistance
 Provision of an environment where small business are
not alone, thereby reducing the anxiety of starting a
new venture
Business Incubation: Amenities
Centrex Phone System Notary Public
Staffed Reception Area Translation Services
Business Ref Library Conference Rooms
Mail room Child Day Care Center
Federal Express Coffee Shop
Shipping/ Receiving Affordable Space
Facsimile Flexible Space
Typing and Secretarial Flexible Leases
Data and Word
Processing
Business Incubation: Services
Accounting Services
Business and Financial
Planning
Marketing and Advertising
Loan Packaging
Legal Services
Tax and Financial Services
Seminars
Types of Incubators
 Publicly Sponsored
 Organized through Government, city economic
development departments, urban renewal authorities,
regional planning and development commission
 Job creation is main focus
 Non Profit Sponsored:
 Organize and managed through industrial development
association of private industry, chamber of commerce or
community based organizations
 Area development is major objective
Types of Incubators
 University Related:
 They are spin off of academic research projects
 Mostly science and technology incubators
 Main focus to translate findings of basic research into
development of new product
 Privately Sponsored:
 Organized and managed by private corporations
 Main objective to make profit
The Environment for
Entrepreneurship
 These are the factors effects the business operations
and decisions
 Two types
 External Environment: (Opportunities and threats )
 Outside the organization

 Not within the short run control of the entrepreneur

 Has two parts: Task environment ( elements that directly affect

and are affected by organizations operations ), Societal
environment ( that do not directly touch short run activities of
the business but can and often do influence long run decisions
The Environment for
Entrepreneurship
 Internal environment: Strengths and weaknesses
 They exists within the organization it.
 These variables form the context within which work is
done.
 Includes venture’s structure, culture and resources.
Internal Environment
• Structure, objective, Finance, R
and D,
• Culture
• Resource

Task Environment
• Stock holders
• Suppliers
• Competitors
• Intermediaries
• Comsumers
Societal
Environment
Socio-cultural
forces
Economic Forces
Technological
Forces
Political and Legal
Forces
PEST-N
Political Env Economic Socio- Technologica Natural
Env Cultural Env l
Business Purchasing Demography Pace of Supply of Raw
Legislation Power Technological Material
Development
Changing Spending Cultural Env R and D Cost Cost of Energy
Legislation Pattern
Enforcement Consumer Regulations Increased
Agencies Movement Pollution
Power Blocks Govt
Interventions
Increased
Social
Responsibility
Environmental Analysis: Analysis of
business environment includes
 Scanning to detect Change: Identifying key elements
and theirs characteristics
 Monitoring to track development: Evolution,
development and sequence of critical events that affect
the survival and profitability
 Forecasting to project future: To develop projections
eg,. Direction of interest rates, level of prices
 Assessing to interpret data:
Political and Governmental
Analysis
 Political analysis gives the entrepreneur a feeling for
what is possible, what is probable and what is unlikely.
 It is a segment where different interest groups compete
for their interest to establish their own values and their
own goals.
 An organized group of entrepreneurs can influence
the political sector
Political and Governmental
Analysis
 Three issues should be analyzed
 Global and International Issue
 Trade barriers and Tariffs: Hinders free flow of resources
across national boundaries
 Trade Agreements:
 Political Risk
 National Issues
 Taxation
 Regulations
 Patent Protection
 Government Spending
Political and Governmental
Analysis
 State, Regional and Local Issues
 Licensing
 Securities and Incorporation Law
 Incentives
Government Policies
 Policy is generally made or initiated by
government .
 Policy is interpreted and implemented by public
and private actors.
 Policy is what the government intends to do but
chooses not to do
 Government’s deliberate plan of action to guide
decisions and achieve rational outcome(s).
Government Policies and
Entrepreneurship
 Entrepreneurial activity leads to economic growth and
helps to reduce poverty and foster stability.
 It is in the interest of all that governments implement
policies to foster entrepreneurship and reap the
benefits of its activity.
 Promotes entrepreneurship through industrial policy,
industrial act, commercial policy
Government Policies and
Entrepreneurship
 Government should make following changes in
policies to create positive business environment
 Simplification of labour policies
 Reforms in the tax policy
 Streamlining legal framework for enterprise creation,
operation and liquidation
 Make efforts to create competitive market: remove
monopolies
Condt….
 Simplification of regulation for investment, production,
marketing, prices, FDIs and technology transfer
 The policies should be formulated after discussion with
parties likely to be affected
 Transparency of policies and their implementation
should be there.
Government Policies and
Entrepreneurship
 Strategies for encouraging entrepreneurship are:
 changes in tax policy
 regulatory policy
 access to capital
 the legal protection of property rights.
Tax Policy
 Taxes increase the cost of the activity taxed, thereby
discouraging entrepreneurship
 Therefore, policymakers need to balance the goals of
raising revenue and promoting entrepreneurship
 Corporate tax rate reductions and tax deductions for
businesses are methods for encouraging business
growth.
Regulatory Policies
 The simpler the regulatory process, the greater the
likelihood of small business expansion
 Reducing the cost of compliance with government
regulations is also helpful.
 To promote entrepreneurs governments can provide
one-stop service centers where entrepreneurs can find
assistance
Access to Capital
 If the government has policy to assist potential
entrepreneurs with finding money for start-ups, then
climate for entrepreneurship becomes favorable
 In the United States, the Small Business
Administration (SBA) helps entrepreneurs get funds.
Protection of IPR
 If innovations are not legally protected through
patents, copyrights, and trademarks, entrepreneurs are
unlikely to engage in the risks necessary to invent new
products or new methods
Business Env. In Nepal
 Economic Environment
 Began in 1950 with mixed economic model. By then it
was largely rural and agro based.
 Recent liberalization economic policy has enhanced
linkages to rest of work with MNC’s entry
 Monetary and Fiscal Policies: NRB prescribes the
monetary policies and affects demand and supply of
money. Objective of MP is economic growth and
stability
 Income Distribution: Poor- US$ 250 to US$ 300 per
capita income and highly skewed.
 Economic Environment
 Industrial policies: aims at increasing contribution of
industries to GDP, Create employment opportunities,
promote balanced regional development, encouraging
FDI
 Privatization Policies: Aims at increasing productivity of
public enterprise, decrease financial and admin cost of
govt and encourage private to take public undertakings
 Trade and Transit Policies: Encourage private sector for
export and promotion, Increase employment in export
industries
Socio Cultural
 Education: Half of population illiterate. Privatization
of education is increasing the literacy rate
 Demography: Population about 24 million. Majority
are below 14 of age, internal migration high,
 Religion/Beliefs:
Technological Env
 Level of Technology: Labor intensive, Have
understood the importance of having capital intensive
technology
 Pace of Technological Change: Slow Change, Due to
high cost of technological replacement the the change
is slow
 Research and Development: Very minimum R and D,
Companies allocate very little budget
Political Environment
 Multi-party parliamentary political system in 1990.
 Very unstable government
 Political parties: Various party with different ideologies,
they are increasingly power centric functioning, intra
party conflicts.
 Legal Framework
 Administrative Policies:
Legal Acts in Nepal
 General Business Legislation
 Private Firms Registration Act
 Partnership Act
 Company Act
 Cooperative Act
 Industrial Enterprise Act
 Contract Act
 Arbitration Act
Legal Acts in Nepal
 Labour Legislation
 Bonus Act
 Industrial Training Act
 Labour Act
 Trade Union Act
 Labour court Regulation Act
 Child Labour Act
Legal Acts in Nepal
 Finance and Investment Legislation
 Foreign Investment and Technology Transfer Act
 Foreign Exchange Regulation Act
 Taxation Acts : Income tax Act, Value added Tax Act,
Customs Act
 Export- Import Act
Legal Acts in Nepal
 Social and Consumer Protection Legislation
 Patent, Design and Trademark Act
 Copyright Act
 Black Market and some other social crime and
Punishment Act
 Food Act
 Nepal Standardization Act
 Consumer Protection Act
 Environmental acts
Incentives and Facilities
 10 % deduction shall be allowed on deduction against
taxable income for incorporating new technology,
product development and efficiency development
 Excise duty shall be reimbursed for industries utilizing
locally available raw materials, chemicals and packing
materials
 Customes duty and excise duty on raw materials shall
be reimbursed on the basis of quantity to exprot
 No royalty shall be imposed of any industry generating
electricity for its use
Concession and facilities of tax
 Expenses occurred to reduce pollution, minimize the
adverse environment effects and R and D expenditure
are deductible from taxable income
 Manufacturing industry providing 500 citizens shall
get tax rebate of 10 percent
 Industry established in certain under developed
remote and semi developed area are given rebates
ranging from 20 to 30 percent
 10 year tax holiday in industries established in certain
under developed area
Concession and facilities of tax
 Five years tax holiday for industries established in
special economic zone and 50 percent tax rebate after
five years
 10 years income tax holiday for industries established
in hilly region
Strategic Alliance
 A strategic alliance is a business arrangement in which
two or more firms cooperate for their mutual benefit.
 Created for sharing knowledge, expertise, and
expenses as well as to gain entry to new markets or to
gain a competitive advantage in one
 Strategic alliance may turn actual or potential
competitors into partners working toward a common
goal.
 Use of strategic alliances has become a major tool for
businesses that are internationalizing their operations
Strategic Alliance
 JOINT VENTURE-BASED STRATEGIC ALLIANCES
 A joint venture is created when two or more firms work
together to form a new business entity that is separate
from its "parents." (Not all joint ventures fit this
definition, joint ventures by acquisitions are exceptions.)
 Joint Venture through subsidiary: Most common
 Joint venture through acquisition
 Joint venture through Merger
Strategic Alliance
 STRATEGIC ALLIANCES NOT BASED ON JOINT
VENTURES.
 Formed for a limited purpose and is more narrow in its
operations
 Tend to be less stable and last for shorter terms
Strategic Alliance
 Benefits
 MARKET ENTRY: Standard bank of british south
Africa and Chartered bank of India, Australia and
China
 SHARING RISKS AND EXPENSES
 SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF SHARED KNOWLEDGE
AND EXPERTISE
 GAINING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE
Networking
 Networking is the process of creating alliance with
people and organization beyond the immediate
boundaries of the venture.
 Linking up with right people to get things done
 It opens channels to resources, market and expertise
Networking
 Entrepreneurs generally creates two types of networks.
 Personal Networks: Within immediate circles of daily
relationships
 Social Networks: Loosely connected affiliations within
the community or industry,
Questions
 What do you mean by e-commerce? Explain the
opportunities and challenges of e-commerce in the
context of Nepalese business
 What do you understand by environment for
entrepreneurship? Briefly explain the provision made
by the Nepalese Government in providing
environment for entrepreneurship in Nepal.
 Define e-entrepreneurship? Describe the challenges
and opportunities of e-entrepreneurship
Questions
 Explain exporting and franchising as international
opportunities for an entrepreneur
 Which are the major areas, where the
entrepreneurship need government support? Discuss
in Nepalese context
 Discuss the use of exporting as a method of entering
into global market
 Environment is a dynamic factor which provides
strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats.
Explain the statement in context of entrepreneurship
Questions
 Discuss the use of franchising as a method of entering
into international market
 What are the major factors, which positively influence
the development of entrepreneurship in Nepal