RECIPROCATING

AIR COMPRESSOR
 COMPRESSOR
COMPRESSOR IS A MACHIN OR A
DIVICE WHICH COLLECTS
ATMOSPHERIC AIR AND CONVERTED
IN TO THE REQUERED PRESSURE
OR

COMPRESSORE IS A MACHINE WHICH

SUCKS AIR AT LOW PRESSURE AND
DELIVER AT HIGHER PRESSURE
 COMPRESSED AIR
THE AIR WHICH IS FORSED IN TO A
SMALLER VOLUME THAN ORIGINAL
OCCUPIED.

DUE TO COMPRESSION BOTH IS, PRESSURE

AND TEMPERATUR, WILL RISE.
COMPRESSED AIR IS ALSO CALLED
PNEUMATIC ENERGY WHICH IS USED IN
GENERAL PROCESS AND INDUSTRIAL
PROCESS
MAIN FUNCTION:-
1> REDUCTION IN VOLUME
2> INCREASES IN TEMPERATUR DUE TO
INCREASE IN PRESSURE
3> WHEN ATMOSPHRIC AIR, WHICH IS
COMPRESSED IN REDUCE VOLUME, ITS
PRESSURE AND TEMPERATUR CHANGE
ACCORDING TO-
 BOYLES LAW
AT CONSTENT TAMPERATUR THE ABSOLUT
PRESSURE OF A GAS VARIES UNVERSELY
TO ITS VOLUME
TEMPERATUR ‘T’ CONSTENT
PV= T
P= PRESSURE
V= VOLUME

AS PER THE BOYLES LAW, IF THE VOLUME

OF AIR IS REDUSED EITHER HALF OF
PRESSURE, TEMPERATURE WILL INCREAS
DOUBLE
 CHARLES LAW
AT THE CONSTENT PRESSURE THE VOLUME
OF AIR IS DIRECTELLY PROPOTIONAL TO ITS
ABSOLUTE TEMPERATUR.
IN THE PROCESS OF AIR COMPRESSOR TWO
ELIMENTS ARE WORKING IN PRODUCTION OF
HIGHER PRESSURE WHICH ARE
1> THE REDUCTION OF AIR VOLUME A
ADVANCEMENT OF A COMPRESSOR PISTON.
2> INCREASING TEMPERATUR DUE TO
INCREASING PRESSURE ACCORDING TO THE
REDUCE VOLUME OF AIR.
 COMPRESSION RATIO
WHEN THE PISTON OF COMPRESSOR MOVES
FORWARD THE VOLUME OF AIR REDUCED
AND WHEN PISTON MOVES BACKWARD THE
VOLUME OF AIR INCREASED. THE
COMPRESSION RATIO OF THE COMPRESSOR
IS THE VOLUME OF AIR IN THE EVEN
STROCK, THE VOLUME OF THE AIR AT THE
END DISCHARGE STROCK.
COMPRESSION RATIO=
VOLUME OF AIR IN DISCHARG STROCK
VOLUME FO AIR IN SUCTION STROCK
 INTRODUCION OF
CHICAGO PNEUMATIC
MAKE AIR
COMPRESSOR
CP MAKE BALANCE OPPOSED COMPRESSOR.
THE BASIC FEATUR OF BALANCE OPPOSED
HORIZONTAL COMPRESSOR, WHETHER IN
SINGAL STAGE OR MULTY STAGE DESIGN IS
OPPOSED OF TWO CYLINDER AT 180 DIGIRI
THE COMPRESSOR IS DRIVEN EITHER BY
ELECTRIC MOTOR OR DIESEL ENGINE
THROUGH BELT OR DIRECT DRIVE.
THE STAGGERING OF CRANK PIN IS CALCULATED TO
OBTAIN EQUAL COMPRESSSION FORCE AT EACH
LINE. THE TWO PISTON OF EACH LINE, WHICH ARE
MOVING IN OPPOSITE DIRECTION HAVE EQUAL
MASSES, THERE BY THE FORCE IS RESULTING FROM
COMPRESSION AND FROM THE INERTIA OF THE
MOTION WORK ARE ALWAYS BALANCE IN THE TWO
CYLINDERS OF A SAME LINE. THEIR RESULTANT
FORCES BEING EQUAL, PRODUCE AN EQUAL TORQUE
WITHOUT ANY REACTION ON THE BEARINGS. THE
PRIMARY AND SECONDRY FORCES ALSO COUNTER
BALANCE EACH OTHER THEREBY NULLIFYING ANY
POSIBILITY OF VIBRATION OR KNOCKING.
 FRAME
TOTALLY ENCLOSED, PRESSURTIGHT MADE
OF HIGH GRADE, CLOSED GRAINED C.I.
PRECISION MACHINED AND STRESS
RELIVED FOR PERMANENT ALIGNMENT.
TWO BEARING FITTED ON DRIVE END SIDE
GIVES BETTER SOPERT TO CRANKSHAFT
AIDED WITH ONE BEARING FITTED ON THE
PUMP END. MAIN BEARING HOUSING BORES
ARE ACCURATILY BORED TO AVOIED
MISALIGNMENT OR ACCENTRICITY.
 CRANKSHAFT

HIGH GRADE S.G. IRON CRANKSHAFT IN

ONE PIECE DESIGN, DYNAMICALLY
BALENCED WITH INTEGRALLY CAST
WEIGHT AVOIDS ANY TWISLING, CRANK PIN
AND JOURNALS DULY GROUNDED AND
POLISHED ENSURE A LONG LIFE FO
BEARING.
 CONNECKING RODS
FORGED ALLOY STEEL CONNECTING RIDS
DULY NORMALISED, ARE DESIGNED TO
PROVIDE MINIMUM THRUST ON THE
CROSSHEAD BEARING’S SURFACES. BIG END
BEARING BORES FINISHED MACHINED
ACCOMMODATE PRE-FINISHED
REPLACEABLE BEARING HALVES OF COPPER
LEAD ALLOY, DESIGNED FOR LONG LIFE OF
OPERATION. SMALL END BEARING BUSHINGS
ARE OF SPECIAL BRONZE METAL.
 MAIN BEARING AND BIG END
BEARINGS
THIN WALLED, PREFINISHED TO THE SIZE,
SMALL WIDTH AND SUFFICIENTLY LARGE
DIAMETER GIVES PERFECT RIGIDITY TO
RUNNING GEAR. BOTH THE BEARINGS ARE
OF COPPER-LEAD ALLOY DESIGNED FOR
LONG LIFE OPERATION.
 CROSS HEAD
CROSS HEAD MADE OF HIGH GRADE S.G.
IRON, IT’S LOW INERTIA ALONG WITH LOW
FRICTION CROSS SLIDE ENSURES PERFECT
RUNNING OF CROSS HEAD. IT’S HOLLOW
DESIGNE ON EITHER SIDES ASSURES TRUE
RUNNING OF PISTON ROD THEREBY
RESULTING INIMPROVED LIFE OF PACKINGS
AND MAXIMUM LIFE OF PISTON ROD. THE
DOORS FITTED ON CORSS SLIDE PROVIDE
EASY AND WIDE ACCESS TO THE CROSS
HEAD PINS WHICH ARE HELLED IN POSITION
BY TWO CIRCLIPS.
 CYLINDERS
CYLINDER GRADED C.I. CYLINDERS
DESIGNED WITH ADEQUATE WATER JACKETS
ENSURE OPTIMUM HEAD DISSIPATION OF
THE SURFACES IN CONTACT WITH
COMPRESSED AIR. WIDE WATER JACKET
DOORS PROVIDED ON CYLINDERS ENSURE
EASY ACCESS FOR CLEANING FOR
CYLINDER JACKETS. DESIGNED FOR
STREAMLINED AIR PASSAGE AND
MAXAMUM NUMBER OF VALVES,
CYLINDERS PROVIDE SMOOTH FLOW OF AIR
THEREBY, MINIMIZING THE PRESSURE DROP
 PISTON

LOW INERTIA, LIGHT WEIGHT, PISTON IN TWO

HALVES OF SPECIAL ALUMINIUM ALLOY ARE
DOUBLE ACTING PROVIDED WITH SUITABLE
COMPRESSION RINGS TO ENSURE PERFECT
SEALING DURING COMPRESSION. IN THE
LUBRICATED MODELS HIGH PRESSUR PISTON
ARE MADE OF GRADED CAST IRON.
 PISTON RODS AND PACKINGS

ALLOY STEEL PISTON ROD FITTED WITH

WEAR RESISTANT PACKING RINGS OF
ANTIFRICTION TYPE PREVENT ANY
POSIBILITY OF COMPRESSED AIR LEAKAGE.
 VALVES
REDUCED, LIFE WITH LARGE FLOW AREA,
STAINLESS STEEL PLATE TYPE VALVES BOTH
FOR SUCTION AND DISCHARGE ARRENGED
SYMMETRICALL, PROVIDE LONGER LIFE. A
PROTECTION GRILL FITTED ON ALL SUCTION
VALVES PREVENT ANY VALVE PART FALLING
IN TO THE CYLINDER IN CASE OF ANY
ACCIDENT. EASY OF ACCESSIBILITY OF
THESE VALVES AND NON- REVERSIBILITY OF
SUCTION AND DISCHERGE VALVES MAKES IT
SIMPLER AND FOOLPROOF FOR REGULAR
MAINTENANCE.
 INTER COOLER
HORIZONTAL, HSELL AND TUBE TYPE, WITH
REMOVEBLE TUBE BUNDEL, AND WITH WATER
THROUGH SHELL AND AIR THROUGH TUBES, INTER
COOLER IS FITTED ON THE CYLINDERS AT A HIGT
WHICH IS EASILY ACCESSIBLE. DESIGNED FOR
OPTIMUM HEAT EXCHANGE, THE INTER COOLER
COOLS THE AIR RECIVED FROM FIRST STAGE
DESCHARGE EFFECTIVELY BEFORE IT’S ENTRY TO
SECOND STAGE CYLINDER. PROVIDED WITH A
PULSATION BOTTLE ON INLET SIDE AND AN
AFFICIENT MOISTUR SEPERATOR ON DISCHARGE THE
INTER COOLER IS OF COUNTER FLOW TYPE AND
COMPLETE WITH A SAFETY VALVE AND DRAIN COCK
 OIL PUMP
GEAR TYPE OIL PUMP DIRECT DRIVEN FROM
CRANKSHAFT AND FITTED ON THE BEARING
HOUSING. IT FEEDS OIL TO THE MAIN
BEARINGS, CONNECTING RODS BEARINGS
AND TO ONE CROSS SLIDE ON HX MODEL
(SIDE OPPOSITE TO CRANKSHAFT ROTATION)
THE OIL PRESSURE IS REGULATED BY A
PRESSURE RSGULSTING SCREW PROVIDED
ON THE OIL PUMP BODY. TO INCREASE THE
PRESSURE REGULATING SCREW HAS TOBE
SREWED IN AND VICE-VERSA.