CONSTITUTIONAL

COMMISSIONS
Xyza Faye Regalado
Commission

Independent

Multi-headed body

Has specific functions

Usually kapag commission, naiisip natin ay
pera, since the term is also related sa
finance.

Multiheaded – may chairman at

commissioners, purpose ay enhance its
independence in theory that it’ll be more
resistant to political pressures.
Independent – last reporting, dinescribe ni mam
what does being independent mean (recitation,
ano ano yon, Fiscally autonomous…).

*They are supreme over their own sphere

*Co-equal sa other three branches of gov’t in
respect to powers vested to it
*Bawal rin maappoint sa ibang office, *may fixed
salary, *requirements for commissioners, *can
promulgate their own rules
Has specific functions – mamaya maiisa isa
natin ano ba ang functions ng mga consticom
na ito.

Established due to the

*extraordinary importance ng kanilang
function at
*need to protect from undesired political
pressure
Article IX, Sec. 1
Civil Service Commission
Civil service
*professionalized body of men and women
*piniling ang gov’t service ang kanilang
maging lifetime career
*mahalaga ito dahil sino ba ang tinuturing na
major client ng gobyerno? The public.
*it embraces every branch, agency, subd, and
instrumentality of the gov’t
Alicia Dela Rosa Bala
 Civil Service Commission
PURPOSE

“The creation of an independent centralized agency

that will direct and control over the civil service
system and empower civil service legislation was
believed essential to the operation of the system, and
its inclusion in the Constitution…”
Just remember the 3 underlined words
Direct. Control. Empower.

Responsibilidad ng CSC na masigurong

maayos ang manpower sa gobyerno.

*papel ng public servants (di sapat ang 3

branches)
Civil Service Commission
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

Presidential Decree 807

Providing for the organization of the civil service
commission in accordance with provisions of the
constitution, prescribing its powers and functions
and for other purposes

Art. IX, Sec. 3 of 1987 Constitution

Civil Service Commission
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

Perform such other functions as

properly belong to a central
personnel agency.

To be central personnel agency

of the government
*governmental agency which provides staff
services of a person.

*kung ang private companies, may HRs, sa

gov’t, meron naming CSC.
*sila yung in charge sa pag-aasikaso ng mga
procedure sa mga taong gustong
makapagtrabaho sa gobyerno
*iisa isahinn natin yung powers nila
Civil Service Commission
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

Appoint its personnel and

exercise overall supervision
and control over the activities
of the Commission.

To establish career service

• As an independent body, may power of
appointment, supervision, and control din sila
with regards sa kanilang personnel but remember
na under pa rin sila ng law at ng constitution, it
doesn’t make them superior over the law or the
president.
• Personnel na nasisigurong nagagampanan ng
maayos ng comi ang tasks na nakaatang sa
kanila.
• In addition, they establish career service kasi
these people translate the law into action kasi as
 Civil Service Commission
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

Promulgate standards for the Civil Service and

adopt plans to promote effective personnel
administration in the gov’t; and prescribe all forms
for publications, examinations, as may be required
under this Decree.
To adopt measures in promoting morale,
efficiency, … and courtesy in the civil service.
• Promote effective personnel administration
• These include ang pagbubuo ng professionalized
body ng mga gov’t workers
• They meet certain degree of training and
competence to carry out complex and diverse
tasks in administering gov’t affairs.
 Civil Service Commission
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

Provide leadership and assistance in

formulating, administering, and evaluating
programs relative to the development and
retention of a competent and efficient work
force in the public service;
To adopt measures in promoting morale,
efficiency, … and courtesy in the civil service.
•Kaakibat nung training and competence
necessary, mayroong mga programang
itinalaga upang maisakatuparan yung goal
nilang makapagproduce ng competent
personnel
•soft and hard skills
Not enough na competent and trained, dapat
may morale in the workplace
Civil Service Commission
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

Administer and enforce the constitutional and

statutory provisions on the merit system.

Supervise and coordinate the conduct of civil

service examinations.

To strengthen the merit and rewards system

• To determine merit: civil service exam
*efficiency in gov’t service and equality in
opportunity
*sa pinas kasi, pag may kapit ka madali lang
makapasok

• Another way to determine merit: school records,

experience in actual work, or achievements
*bale may mga tao rin na exempted from taking
CSCE, matik qualified
 Civil Service Commission
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

Inspect and audit periodically the personnel

work programs of the different departments,
bureaus, offices, agencies.

Hear and decide administrative disciplinary

cases instituted directly with it.
To integrate all human resources development
programs for all levels and ranks
• Hindi nag-eend ang responsibility nila sa
pagtanggap lang ng personnel
• Once hired, they are in charge to inspect and
oversee those personnel working in different depts.
• Their primary goal is to professionalize the
Philippines service system by setting standard and
enforcing rules.
• There must be rules to be followed para sa mas
systematic na procedures
• If there are cases that needs disciplinary actions,
they also deal with those.
 Civil Service Commission
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

Advise the President on all matters involving

personnel management in the government service
and assist in the improvement of personnel units
and programs in the department and agencies;

Submit to the President an annual report which

shall contain an adequate evaluation of the
progress of the merit system and the problems
encountered in its implementation.
• These consticom are still under the power of
control and supervision of the executive kaya they
are tasked to submit report kay pres to update and
inform him ano na ba ang status at kaganapan sa
kanila.
• Example:
Status of appointment
Mode of accession/separation
Name of personnel hired/separated
Position title of hired/separated
Question:
Enumerate at least one power or function of
civil service commission.

Who is the current head of the civil

service commission?
It is a presidential decree prescribing
the powers and functions of the civil
service commission.
Commission on Elections
Sheriff M. Abas
• Issue sa halalan ngayon
• Iboboto dahil sa pogi at mabait
• MDS – gov’t is afraid of the educated voters
• Enough of that since voters are not the main
concern ng comelec, but the election laws and
matters
 Commission on Elections
PURPOSE

“The purity of elections is one of the fundamental

requisites of popular government. The sanctity of
ballot and the free and honest expression can be
protected by an independent office whose sole work
is to enforce laws on elections.”
• Seven man collegiate body (higher membership,
less influence)
• Qualities of integrity, moral character, and
independence of mind (mas mahalaga sa number)
• People represent the sovereignty of the state and is
manifested through the right of suffrage of the
qualified voters.
Commission on Elections
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

To enforce and administer all laws and

regulations relative to the conduct of an
election, plebiscite, initiative, referendum,
and recall.
• Pinakacommon kasing alam natin pag COMELEC,
yung usual na halalan lang, but their power extends
pa sa cases ng referendum or plebiscite.
(recall what referendum is - type of vote to change the
constitution or government of a country)
Cancel illegal registry list of voters
Cancel canvass of election returns (docu
containing vote counts)
Suspend proclamation of winners kung may mga
issue or under investigation pa
Commission on Elections
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

To exercise exclusive original jurisdiction

over all contests relating to the elections,
returns, and qualifications of all elective
regional, provincial, and city officials.
• Election contest – motion (of defeated candidate) seeking
to:
---- replace certified winner
---- declare an election void altogether (ex. Kesyo
nakatanggap ng illegal votes or may error sa board of
canvassers)
Number and location of polling places
Appointment of election officials and inspectors
Registration of voters

Regional, provincial, city officials – COMELEC

Commission on Elections
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

To decide final, executory, and non-appealable

orders or rulings involving elective municipal
and barangay offices.

To decide, except those involving the right to

vote, all questions affecting elections.
• Comelec din ang nagdedecide sa mga rulings or
orders involving brgy and municipal offices.

• Take note the statement na except sa right to vote:

kasi courts na ang nagdedecide dyan, this
involves…
------ quali and disquali of voters
------ rights of a person to be qualified as voter
------ validity of his ballot and etc
Commission on Elections
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

To register political parties, organizations, or

coalitions.

To set grounds for cancellation of

registration of political parties,
organizations, or coalitions.
Sec. 68; Omnibus Election Code of the
Philippines
• Mga nirereject:
No platform o programang nilalayon (mema sali)
Bayolente, o yung gagawin ang kahit na ano, kahit
unlawful, para makamit ang gusto o makuha ang
pwesto
Hindi sumusunod sa consti
Tumatanggap ng financial contri from foreign
affairs (kasi it constitutes interference in our
internal affairs)
Religious denominations (separation of church and
Commission on Elections
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

RECOMMENDATORY POWER
.

To file petitions in court:

*For inclusion or exclusion of voters
*To investigate and prosecute cases of
violations of election laws, including acts or
omissions constituting election frauds,
offenses, and malpractices.
•Magagawa nila ito in absence of any complaint
as long as makitang may mga hindi in
accordance sa rules or standards.
•May mga size na sinusunod sa posters, anong
campaign materials lang ang pwede, at saan
lang pwede na ilalagay
•They may recommend measures for the (more)
improvement pa sa election laws
Commission on Elections
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

RECOMMENDATORY POWER

To recommend to the Congress effective

measures:
*In minimizing election spending
*In preventing nuisance candidates
•They restrain overspending sa
pangangampanya, kagaya nung nasa fb, yung
comparison ng SALN vs gastos sa kampanya
•Kapag may ads, dapat may nakalagay na
donated by, or free printing by
 Allan Jonalyn
Ako si Jose Rizal!
The Intergalactic Ambassador
Commission on Elections
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

To recommend to the President the removal of any

officer or employee it has deputized, or the imposition
of any other disciplinary action.

To deputize law enforcement agencies to ensure free,

orderly, honest, peaceful, and credible elections.
Republic Act 9006- Fair Elections Act
•If there is a need for disciplinary actions or
removal sa itinalagang opisyal, kailangan
maipaalam sa presidente.
•Deputize law enforcement, kaya pag halalan,
maraming mga pulis, pati afp pwede rin if
needed, para maiwasan ang kaguluhan at
masiguro ang kaayusan
Commission on Elections
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

To submit to the President and the

Congress, a comprehensive report on the
conduct of each election, plebiscite,
initiative, referendum, or recall.
•Same with CSC, it’s their task din na
magsubmit ng necessary info sa president with
regards sa mga kaganapan sa kanila
Pano naiconduct ang previous election
Recommendation kung ano ang napansin at
pwede pa iimprove
•Bukod pa sa mga nabanggit, they may also
perform other functions under present law:
Exercise supervision and control over local
and national elections
Carry out continuing campaign to educate and
inform the public on election matters
Question:
Enumerate at least one power or function of civil
service commission.
Enumerate one nuisance presidential candidate
mentioned during the report.
What is the purpose of establishing
Commissions on Election?
Commission on Audit
Miguel G. Aguinaldo
 Commission on Audit
PURPOSE

“It has been established as an independent body to

see to it that government revenues and expenditures
are duly accounted for the public funds are not
disposed of except in the conformity with the
purpose of which such funds have been
appropriated.”
•COA as guardian of public treasury = they
have power to disapprove expenditures
•Tama ang mga financial statements ng
gobyerno, kasama na ang mga kita at gastos
•Need masiguro na ang pondo’y nailalaan sa
dapat na paglaanan nito
•Ask them what are the sources of gov’t money
(tax, fines and penalties, fees sa mga gov’t
services, Printing. Government has the power to print money, and
can raise money simply by creating it.)
 Commission on Audit
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

The Commission on Audit shall have the

power, authority, and duty to examine, audit,
and settle all accounts pertaining to:
 Commission on Audit
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

The revenue and receipts of, and expenditures

or uses of funds and property, owned or held.

The government, or any of its subdivisions,

agencies, or instrumentalities, including
GOCCs with original charters.
• There’s an auditing unit in every gov’t office,
agency, … all over the country
• To audit: to adjust or to make an official
examination or verification of accounts to ascertain
correctness
• To settle: to fix and free from uncertainty
Settled na kapag after ireview, the same is found,
and hence, pronounced closed.
• Second point, give sample nung gov’t keme like
PUP, under ng pag-audit ng COA
Commission on Audit
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

To act as central accounting office of

the government.

To define the scope of its audit and

examination.
• Keep general accounts
• Preserve vouchers and other supporting papers
• COA as official custodian of all government
records of accounts
• Dahil sa tatlo sa taas, they’re able to maintain
system of accounts that records all transactions
involving the:
Collection of public funds
Payments to treasury
Expenditures and disbursements
• The congress is w/o power to enact laws on the
matter.
• May exclusive authority ang COA to define their
scopes pati na rin ano ba ang methods and
techniques na gagamitin nila in auditing.
• Reliability and effectiveness
• Application of latest trends and developments in the
accounting services
 Commission on Audit
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS

To promulgate accounting and auditing

rules and regulations.

To submit an annual financial report and

recommend measures.
• Prevention and disallowance of: (differentiate mo
yan)
Irregular- not adhering to established rules
Unnecessary – meal allowance kahit no law
prescribe this
Excessive – immoderate quantity and price
Extravagant – lavish and luxurious
Unconscionable expenditures – violates ethical
and moral standards
• Lastly, ganun pa rin sa naunang dalawa
To enable the congress to know how faithfully its
appropriations law have been carried out
Serve as guide in the enactment of appropriations
law for the following year

• It’ll inform the president kung pano ginamit ng

depts under him ang pondo ng gobyerno thus
enabling them to tell whether the administration
was effective/efficient or not.
• Additional duties:
• Assist in
• collection and enforcement of debts and claims
• Resti of all funds or replacement/payment at a reasonable
price of property
• Settle liab of gov’t agency not exceeding 10k
• Examine and audit books, records, and accounts
• Publish annually itemized expenditure of each member sa
congress

MAYGASH TAPOS NAAAAA!!!!!!!