Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Understanding and Teaching Spoken English
Understanding and Teaching Spoken English
金 利 民
北京外国语大学英语学院
Outline
Contraction
Elision
Ellipsis
Contraction:
False start
Repairs
Fillers
False start:
when a speaker stops after beginning an
utterance and then either repeats or
reformulates it.
e.g. right well let's er --= let's look at the
applications -- erm - let me just ask
initially this
(The CHRISTINE Project:
http://www.grsampson.net/RChristine.html)
Repairs:
- no particular meanings
- provides time to think,
to create a pause or
to hold a turn
e.g. “er”, “uhm”, “ah”, “well”.
Compare with the Chinese filler “neige”.
1. Features of the spoken language (4)
1.4 Organizational features
Back-channeling
Turn-taking
Back-channeling: