‘Sodium tons (NS) Primary active transport via basolateral Na“ = pump; crosses apical membrane through channels symporters, oF antiporter’ Virwually all nutrients (glucose, emine Secondary active transport with Na” [Sele wtamine, rome 1one) (Ch, Ma", Cae", and other tons Passive paracellular diffusion driven by electrochemical gradient . Fesbrormtion (ane Chapter 26) water Somos: driven by solute reabsorption (obligatory water reabsorption) LUpie-solupte solutes Passive diffusion delven by the concentration gradient created by Nephron Loop Aacending Him Nav, cre Secondlary active transport of CI~, Na*. and i via Na-K "-2Cl~ cats Mo Passive paracellular diffusion driven by electrochemical gradient Distal Convoluted Tubule (EN) cn amie uptake va pret modulated chanpet apie memtane: Primary and secondary active transport Cantipart with Nar) in Bosolateral membrane New EO Primary active transport of Na* (requires aldosterone): passive aracellulor diffusion of some CIs cotransport of Cl and HCO, : Ebeth reabsorsed and secreted (aldosterone depender®), usually water Osmosis: controied (facultative) water reabsorption: ADH required: fe insert squaporine Urea Facilitated diffusion in responte te concentration gradient in the SradioneThe three key players and their orientation in the osmotic gradient: (a) The long nephron loops of ‘The osmolality of the medullary interstitial fuid progressively increases from the 300 mOsm of normal body fluid to 1200 mOsm at the deepest part of the medulla,{a) Long nephron loops These properties establish a posi uses the flow of fluid to multiply the power of the salt pumps. Niater leaves the Salt is pumped out eee eae of the ascending limb 1Osmolality of filtrate entering the ascending limb, | Osmolality of filtrate in descending limb