HUMAN VALUES AND ETHICS

Presented by:
Priyanka(CUHP15MBA56)
Purnima(CUHP15MBA57)
Sakshi(CUHP15MBA71)
Prashant(CUHP15MBA53)
Neetika(CUHP15MBA47)
 INTRODUCTION
• Values
Values are “things that have an intrinsic worth in usefulness or
importance to the possessor,” or “principles, standards, or qualities
considered worthwhile or desirable.
• Morals
• Moral values are relative values that protect life and are respectful of the
dual life value of self and others. The great moral values, such as truth,
freedom, charity, etc., have one thing in common.
• Ethics
• A person who knows the difference between right and wrong and chooses
right is moral. A person whose morality is reflected in his willingness to
do the right thing – even if it is hard or dangerous – is ethica.l
 HISTORY OF BUDDHA
• Gautama Buddha was born as Prince Siddhartha, the son of the king of the Sakya
people. The kingdom of the Sakyas was situated on the borders of present-day
Nepal and India.
• The son was born in the Lumbini garden and named Siddartha, which means "he
who has accomplished his aim."
By all accounts Siddartha was raised amid the finest luxuries of the time.
At the age of 16 he was married to his cousin Yashodara. They had a son Rahula.
A great sage Asita was passing through the kingdom and predicted that the child
would either a great King (Chakravati) or a holy man (Buddha – the enlightened
one.).
 CONTT.
• King Shuddhodana wanted Siddhartha to be a Chakravarti, so he made sure the
little child led a very sheltered life. He was raised in luxury away from any sufferings
and any influence of religious teachings.
• At age 29, he decided to see more of the world and began excursions off the palace
grounds in his chariot. In successive trips, he saw an old man, a sick man, and a
corpse, and since he had been protected from the miseries of aging, sickness, and
death, his charioteer had to explain what they were. Finally, Siddhartha saw a
monk, and, impressed with the man’s peaceful demeanor, he decided to go into the
world to discover how the man could be so serene in the midst of such suffering.
• Siddhartha secretly left the palace .
 CONTT.
• He traveled south, where the centers of learning were, and studied meditation under
the teachers Alara Kalama and Udraka Ramaputra.
• He tried to follow the path of self mortification in order to attain enlightenment. After
nearly starving himself to death but finding no enlightenment, Siddhartha found
the Middle Way. He sat under the Bodhi (Pipal) tree in Bodh Gaya and decided not to
get up until he found enlightenment.
• He is said to have attained enlightenment under the Bodhi tree on the first full moon in
the month of May. That day is celebrated as Buddha Poornima.
 THE BASIC TEACHING OF
BUDDHA
• The Three Universal Truths;
• The Four Noble Truths; and
• The Noble Eightfold Path.
 THREE UNIVERSAL TRUTHS
• Nothing is lost in the universe,
• Everything Changes,
• The Law of Cause and Effect
 CONTT.
• The three trainings or practices
1. Sila: Virtue, good conduct, morality. This is based on two fundamental
principles: The principle of equality: that all living entities are equal.
2. Samadhi: Concentration, meditation, mental development. Developing
one's mind is the path to wisdom which, in turn, leads to personal
freedom. Mental development also strengthens and controls our mind;
this helps us maintain good conduct.
3. Prajna : Discernment, insight, wisdom, enlightenment. This is the real
heart of Buddhism. Wisdom will emerge if your mind is pure and calm.
• With the cessation of Ignorance, Conditioning Activities cease
• . With the cessation of Conditioning Activities (Relinking) Consciousness ceases.
• With the cessation of (Relinking) Consciousness, Mind and Matter cease.
• With the cessation of Mind and Matter, the six Spheres of Sense cease.
• With the cessation of the Six Spheres of Sense, Contact ceases. With the cessation
of Contact, Feeling ceases.
• With the cessation of Feeling, Craving ceases.
• With the cessation of Craving, Grasping ceases.
• With the cessation of Grasping, Becoming ceases.
• With the cessation of Becoming, Birth ceases.
• With the cessation of Birth, Decay, Death, Sorrow, Lamentation, Pain, Grief, and
Despair cease.
Thus does this whole mass of suffering cease.
 THE FOUR NOBLE TRUTHS
• Dukkha: Suffering exists: Life is suffering. Suffering is real and almost
universal. Suffering has many causes: loss, sickness, pain, failure, and the
impermanence of pleasure.
• Samudaya: There is a cause of suffering. Suffering is due to attachment.
It is the desire to have and control things. It can take many forms:
craving of sensual pleasures; the desire for fame; the desire to avoid
unpleasant sensations, like fear, anger or jealousy.
• Nirodha : There is an end to suffering. Attachment can be overcome.
Suffering ceases with the final liberation of Nirvana (Nibbana). The mind
experiences complete freedom, liberation and non-attachment. It lets go of
any desire or craving.
• Magga: In order to end suffering, you must follow the Eightfold Path. There
is a path for accomplishing this.
 THE EIGHTFOLD PATH
• right understanding,
• right thought,
• right speech,
• right action,
• right livelihood,
• right effort,
• right mindfulness, and
• right concentration.
 THE FOUR SUBLIME STATES
(BRAHMA-VIHĀRA)

• Lovingkindness,
• compassion,
• appreciative joy and
• equanimity.
• The Buddha was the first most active missionary in the world. He wandered from place
to place for forty-five years preaching His doctrine to the masses and the
intelligentsia.
• “Strive on with diligence” were the last words of the Buddha.
• “Do no evil”, that is, be not a curse to oneself and others, was the Buddha’s first
advice. This was followed by His second admonition – “Do good”, that is, be a
blessing to oneself and others. His final exhortation was – “Purify one’s mind” –
which was the most important and the most essential.
• The Buddhas indicate the path and it is left for us to follow that path to obtain
our purification. Self-exertion plays an important part in Buddhism.
“By oneself is one purified; by oneself is one defiled.”
 • Intrinsic personal value - the foundation of ethical value - starts when our
individual life journeys begin. It ends only with the cessation of our existence.

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