Android

Google
 WHAT IS ANDROID?
• It is a open source software platform and operating system for mobile
devices based on the Linux kernel

• Developed by Google and later the Open Handset Alliance (OHA)

• Allows writing managed code in the Java language with its own virtual
machine i.e. DVM ( Dalvik Virtual Machine) which is used for executing the
android application.

• Google purchased the initial developer of the software , android

incorporated in 2005.
 HISTORY OF ANDROID
The development of Android started in 2003 by Android Inc
which was purchased by Google in 2005

Android Inc. founded in Palo Alto California united states in

October 2003 by

1. Andy Rubin [co-founder of Danger ]

2. Rich miner [co-founder of wildfire communication Inc.]
3. Nick sears [once VP at Tmobile]
4. Chris white [Headed design and interface development
at web TV]
 ALPHA RELEASE
• There were at least two internal releases of the software
inside Google and the OHA before the beta version was
released. The code names "Astro Boy" and "Bender" were
used internally for some pre-1.0 milestones

• Dan Morrill created some of the first mascot logos, but the
current Android logo was designed by Irina Blok. The project
manager, Ryan Gibson, conceived the confectionery-themed
naming scheme that has been used for the majority of the
public releases, starting with Android 1.5 Cupcake
 BETA RELEASE
The beta was released on November 5, 2007,[ while
the software development kit (SDK) was released on November
12, 2007.The November 5 date is popularly celebrated as
Android's "birthday". Public beta versions of the SDK were
released in the following order

1. November 12, 2007: m3-rc20a (milestone 3, release code 20a)[25]

2. November 16, 2007: m3-rc22a (milestone 3, release code 22a)[26]
3. December 14, 2007: m3-rc37a (milestone 3, release code 37a)[27]
4. February 13, 2008: m5-rc14 (milestone 5, release code 14)[28]
5. March 3, 2008: m5-rc15 (milestone 5, release code 15)[24]
6. August 18, 2008: 0.9 Beta[29][30]
7. September 23, 2008: 1.0-r1[31][32]
 Commercial Version
Android 1.0 (API 1)

Android 1.0, the first commercial version of the

software, was released on September 23, 2008.

The first commercially available Android device was

the HTC Dream. Android 1.0
 Android
Version History
 Code name Version number Initial release date API level Security patches[1]

(No codename)[2] 1.0 September 23, 2008 1 Unsupported

(Internally known as
1.1 February 9, 2009 2 Unsupported
"Petit Four")[2]

Cupcake 1.5 April 27, 2009 3 Unsupported

Donut[3] 1.6 September 15, 2009 4 Unsupported

Eclair[4] 2.0 – 2.1 October 26, 2009 5–7 Unsupported

Froyo[5] 2.2 – 2.2.3 May 20, 2010 8 Unsupported

Gingerbread[6] 2.3 – 2.3.7 December 6, 2010 9 – 10 Unsupported

Honeycomb[7] 3.0 – 3.2.6 February 22, 2011 11 – 13 Unsupported

Ice Cream
4.0 – 4.0.4 October 18, 2011 14 – 15 Unsupported
Sandwich[8]
Jelly Bean[9] 4.1 – 4.3.1 July 9, 2012 16 – 18 Unsupported

KitKat[10] 4.4 – 4.4.4 October 31, 2013 19 – 20 Supported

Lollipop[12] 5.0 – 5.1.1 November 12, 2014 21 – 22 Supported

Marshmallow[13] 6.0 – 6.0.1 October 5, 2015 23 Supported

Nougat[14] 7.0 – 7.1.2 August 22, 2016 24 – 25 Supported

Supported
Oreo 8.0 August 21, 2017 26
Android Features

• Application Framework
• Dalvik virtual machine
• Integrated (webkit) browser
• 2D and 3D graphics APIs with HW
• SQLite
• Video and audio codecs
• Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi
• Camera, GPS, compass, and accelerometer
 Android Architecture

The software stack is split into Four Layers

• The application layer

• The application framework

• The libraries and runtime

• The kernel
Android Architecture
Android Architecture
The architecture is based on the Linux2.6 kernel

• This layer is core of android architecture. It

provides service like power management, memory
management, security etc.

• It helps in software or hardware binding for better

communication.
 NATIVE LIBRARIES

• Android has its own libraries, which is written in

C/C+ These libraries cannot be accessed directly.
With the help of application framework, we can
access these libraries. There are many libraries like
web libraries to access web browsers, libraries for
android and video formats etc.
 ANDROID RUNTIME

• The Android Runtime was designed specifically for Android to meet the needs
of running in an embedded environment where you have limited battery,
limited memory, limited CPU.
• Dalvik is the process virtual machine in Google's android operating system. I
is the software that runs the apps on android devices. Dalvik is thus an
integral part of android ,which is typically used on mobile devices such as
mobile phones and tablet computers.
• Programs are commonly written in java and compiled to byte code.
• This is in blue, meaning that it's written in the Java programming language.
• The core library contains all of the collection classes, utilities, IO, all the
utilities and tools that you’ve come to expected to use.
 Application Framework

• This is all written in a Java programming language and the

application framework is the toolkit that all applications use
• These applications include the ones that come with a phone like
the home applications, or the phone application
• It includes applications written by Google, and it includes apps
that will be written by you.
• All the applications like camera, Google maps,
browser,sms,calendars,contacts are native applications. These
applications works with end user with the help of application
framework to operate
Activity manager:-It manages the lifecycle of applications. It
enable proper management of all the activities. All the activities are
controlled by activity manager.
• Resource manager:-It provides access to non-code resources such
as graphics etc.
• Notification manager:-It enables all applications to display
custom alerts in status bar.
• Location manager:- It fires alerts when user enters or leaves a
specified geographical location.
• Package manager:-It is use to retrieve the data about installed
packages on device.
• Window manager:-It is use to create views and layouts.
• Telephony manager:-It is use to handle settings of network
connection and all information about services on device.