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Sistem Telekomunikasi
Sistem Telekomunikasi
Coding Course
Period 3 - 2005
Sorour Falahati
Lecture 1
Course information
Scope of the course
Course material
Schedule
Staff
Grading
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 2
Scope of the course
Learning fundamental issues in designing a
digital communication system (DCS):
Utilized techniques
Formatting and source coding
Modulation (Baseband and bandpass signaling)
Channel coding
Equalization
Synchronization
Design goals
Trade-offs between various parameters
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 3
Course material
Course text book:
“Digital communications: Fundamentals and Applications”
by Bernard Sklar,Prentice Hall, 2001,ISBN: 0-13-084788-7
Additional recommended books:
“Communication systems engineering”, by John G. Proakis
and Masoud Salehi, Prentice Hall, 2002, 2nd edition, ISBN:
0-13-095007-6
“Communication Systems, Analysis and design”, by
H.P.E.Stern and S. A. Mahmoud, Prentice Hall, 2004, ISBN:
0-13-121929-4
Material accessible from course homepage:
Lecture slides
Laboratory syllabus (Lab. PM)
Set of exercises and formulae
Home assignments and solutions
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 4
Schedule
12 lectures (from week 3 to week 8)
10 tutorials (from week 4 to week 8)
4 mandatory graded home assignments
1 mandatory lab. work (weeks 8-9)
Final written exam 14th March 2005
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 5
Staff
Course responsible and lecturer: Sorour
Falahati.
Email: sorour.falahati@signal.uu.se
Office: Magistern 2112A
Tel.: 018-471 1077
Tutorial and laboratory assistant: Daniel
Aronsson.
Email: daniel.anorsson@signal.uu.se
Office: Magistern 2140B
Tel.: 018-471 3071
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 6
Grading
To obtain grade 3, a student has to:
1. To complete the laboratory work
2. To pass all the home assignments (HA)
3. To pass the written final exam
The final grade (3,4,5) is calculated as
Final grade:
0.8(grade on final exam)+0.2(average grade on HAs)
Exam and home assignments have each 60 points.
0-29 30-39 40-49 50-60
Fail Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 7
Today, we are going to talk about:
What are the features of a Digital
communication system (DCS)?
Why “digital” instead of “analog”?
What do we need to know before taking off
toward designing a DCS?
Classification of signals
Random process
Autocorrelation
Power and energy spectral densities
Noise in communication systems
Signal transmission through linear systems
Bandwidth of signal
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 8
Block diagram of a digital
communication system
Noise
Transmitter
Source Channel
Formatter Modulator
encoder encoder
Receiver
Source Channel
Formatter Demodulator
decoder decoder
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 9
Digital communication system …
Important features of a DCS:
Transmitter sends a waveform from a finite
set of possible waveforms during a limited
time
Channel distorts, attenuates the transmitted
signal and adds noise to it.
Receiver decides which waveform was
transmitted from the noisy received signal
Probability of erroneous decision is an
important measure for the system
performance
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 10
Digital versus analog
Advantages of digital communications:
Regenerator receiver
Original Regenerated
pulse pulse
Propagation distance
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 11
Classification of signals
Deterministic and random signals
Deterministic signal: No uncertainty with
respect to the signal value at any time.
Random signal: Some degree of uncertainty
in signal values before it actually occurs.
Thermal noise in electronic circuits due to the
random movement of electrons
Reflection of radio waves from different layers of
ionosphere
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 12
Classification of signals …
Periodic and non-periodic signals
A discrete signal
Analog signals
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 13
Classification of signals ..
Energy and power signals
A signal is an energy signal if, and only if, it has
nonzero but finite energy for all time:
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 14
Random process
A random process is a collection of time functions, or
signals, corresponding to various outcomes of a
random experiment. For each outcome, there exists a
deterministic function, which is called a sample
function or a realization.
Random
variables
Real number
Sample functions
or realizations
(deterministic
function)
time (t)
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 15
Random process …
Strictly stationary: If none of the statistics of the random process
are affected by a shift in the time origin.
and
, respectively.
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 16
Autocorrelation
Autocorrelation of an energy signal
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 17
Spectral density
Energy signals:
Power signals:
Random process:
Power spectral density (PSD):
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 18
Properties of an autocorrelation
function
For real-valued (and WSS in case of
random signals):
1. Autocorrelation and spectral density form
a Fourier transform pair.
2. Autocorrelation is symmetric around zero.
3. Its maximum value occurs at the origin.
4. Its value at the origin is equal to the
average power or energy.
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 19
Noise in communication systems
[w/Hz]
Power spectral
density
Autocorrelation
function
Probability density function
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 20
Signal transmission through
linear systems
Input Output
Linear system
Deterministic signals:
Random signals:
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 21
Signal transmission … - cont’d
Ideal filters:
Non-causal!
Low-pass
Band-pass High-pass
Realizable filters:
RC filters Butterworth filter
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 22
Bandwidth of signal
Baseband versus bandpass:
Baseband Bandpass
signal signal
Local oscillator
Bandwidth dilemma:
Bandlimited signals are not realizable!
Realizable signals have infinite bandwidth!
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 23
Bandwidth of signal – cont’d
Different definition of bandwidth:
a) Half-power bandwidth d) Fractional power containment bandwidth
b) Noise equivalent bandwidth e) Bounded power spectral density
c) Null-to-null bandwidth f) Absolute bandwidth
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)50dB
2005-01-21 Lecture 1 24