Konveksi Paksa circular & non circular

Metode dimensional [INTERNAL CONVECTION]

 Internal Forced Convection

Perpindahan kalor konveksi pada

aliran di dalam pipa mengaplikasikan konsep
suhu ruah (bulk temperature), dimana aliran
fluida akan mengalami perubahan suhu dalam
kondisi adiabatik (tidak ada energi yang masuk
maupun keluar).

Gambar 1. Total Perpindahan Kalor dengan Perbedaan

Suhu dari Bulk Temperature
(Sumber: Holman, 2010)

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 Dengan mengaitkan konsep suhu ruah tersebut dengan luas penampang aliran
fluida, yang dalam hal ini berbentuk silinder, maka persamaan yang diberikan
adalah:

ሶ 𝒑 𝒅𝑻𝒃 = 𝒉 𝟐𝝅𝒓 𝒅𝒙 𝑻𝒘 − 𝑻𝒃
𝒅𝒒 = 𝒎𝑪
atau

𝒒 = 𝒉𝑨 𝑻𝒘 − 𝑻𝒃 𝒂𝒗

Keterangan :

q = perpindahan kalor konveksi dalam pipa (W)

h = koefisien konveksi (W/m2. ºC)
A = luas penampang (m2)
Tw = suhu dinding pipa (ºC)
Tb = suhu ruah fluida masuk (ºC)

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 Koefisien konveksi (h) untuk persamaan sebelumnya
diperoleh dari persamaan-persamaan di bawah ini:

𝒉𝑫 𝑵𝒖𝒌𝒇
𝑵𝒖 = ⤏ 𝒉=

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𝒌𝒇 𝑫

Keterangan:
D = diameter pipa
𝑘𝑓 = konduktivitas termal fluida
Nu = Nusselt Number
h = koefisien konfeksi

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 Laminer & Turbulen
1 Flow in Circular
 Laminer
local Nusselt number is constant in fully develop region
• depends on surface thermal condition
ℎ𝐷
- Constant Heat Flux 𝑁𝑢𝐷 = = 4.36
𝑘𝑓
ℎ𝐷
- Constant Surface Temperature 𝑁𝑢𝐷 = = 3.66
𝑘𝑓

Turbulen
– smooth surface & fully turbulent (ReD > 10,000): Dittus-Boelter Correlation

𝑁𝑢𝐷 = 0.023 𝑅𝑒𝐷

4/5
𝑃𝑟 𝑛 →
{ n = 0.3 ( 𝑇𝑠 < 𝑇𝑚)
n =0.4 ( 𝑇𝑠>𝑇𝑚)
– rough surface & transitional turbulent (ReD = 3000): Gnielinski Correlation

𝑓 Smooth surface
𝑅𝑒𝐷 −1000 𝑃𝑟
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𝑁𝑢𝐷 = 1 𝑓= (0.790ln𝑅𝑒𝐷 −1.64)−2
1
𝑓 2
1+12.7 (𝑃𝑟 2 −1)
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 Laminer & Turbulen
2 Flow Non-Circular
 Laminer
• local Nusselt number is constant but a function of duct geometry
and surface thermal condition
– use hydraulic diameter as the characteristic length
4𝐴
𝐷𝐻 =
𝑃

– since the local convection coefficient varies around the

periphery of a tube, approaching zero at its corners,
correlations for the fully developed region are associated with
convection coefficients averaged over the periphery of the
duct.
Turbulen
use Dittus-Boelter correlation or Gnielinski correlation as
a firstapproximation for any surface thermal condition
 Tabele 1. Nusselt number and friction factor for fully
developed laminer flow in tubes of differing cross section

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 Solution:

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 Thanks!
Any questions?

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 REFERENSI
◇ Holman, J. (2010). Heat transfer. Boston, Mass.: McGraw Hill
Higher Education.
◇ Cengel, Yunus A. 2007. Heat Transfer: A Partical Approach.
Boston: McGraw Hill
◇ Peles, Y. (2009). Internar Forced Convection. Boston: McGraw
Hill

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