 An information system is a collection of

people, procedures, software, hardware and

data which works together to provide
information essential to running an
organization.
 People are competent end users working to
increase their productivity.
 End users use hardware and software to solve
information-related or decision-making problems
 Procedures are manuals and guidelines that
instruct end users on how to use software and
hardware.
 Software is another name for programs –
instructions that tell the computer how to process
data. There are basically two kinds of software:
1. System Software – is a background software that
helps a computer manage its internal resources.
(Windows Xp, Vista, 7 and Linux)
2. Application Software – performs useful work
general-purpose problems.
 Browsers – navigate, explore, find information on
the internet.
 Word Processor – prepare written documents.
 Spreadsheet – analyze and summarize numerical
data.
 Database management system - organize and manage
data and information.
 Presentation graphics – communicate a message or
persuade other people.
 Multimedia – integrate video, music, voice, and graphics to create
interactive presentation.
 Web publishers – create interactive multi-media Web pages.
 Graphic programs – create professional publications, draw, edit,
and modify images.
 Virtual reality – create realistic three-dimensional virtual or
simulates environment.
 Artificial intelligence – simulated human thought processes and
actions.
 Project managers – plan projects, schedule, people, and control
resources.
 Hardware consists of input devices, the
system unit, secondary storage, output
devices, and communication devices.
 Input devices translate data and
programs that humans can understand
into a form the computer can process.
The common are the keyboard and the
mouse.
 The system unit consists of electronic
circuitry with two parts:
1. Central Processing Unit (CPU) –
controls and manipulates data to
produce information.
2. Memory (primary Storage) –
temporarily holds data, program
instructions, and processed data.
Secondary storage stores data and
programs. Three most common storage
media are:
1. Flash Drive
2. Hard Disk – non-removable; internal
disk drive
3. Optic Disk – removable; CD and
DVD are common.
 Output devices output processed
information from the CPU. Two important
output devices are:
1. Monitor – TV Screen-like device to
display results.
2. Printer – device that prints out images on
paper.
 These send and receive data and
programs from one computer to
another. A device that connects a
microcomputer to a telephone is a
MODEM
(MOdulator/DEModulator).
 Data is the raw material for data processing.
 Data consists of numbers, letters and symbols
and relates to facts, events and transaction.
 A file is a collection of characters organized as a
single unit. Common types of files are:
1. Document – letters, research papers, and
memoranda.
2. Worksheet – budget analyses, sales projections.
3. Database – structured and organized data.