 INTRODUCTION

 PROPERTIES

 FACTORS AFFECTING THE SELECTION OF

ROOFING MATERIAL

 TYPES OF ROOF COVERING

 Roofing tiles are used to cover sloping roofs.

Supported on wooden reapers or light gauge steel

or steed rods are also used.

 Normally these tiles are having curved surface

having ribbed sections, so that with thin section
they are sufficiently strong to resist the load.

 Some times flat tiles are used under

curved/ribbed tiles.
1. They should not absorb moisture more than
20 per cent by weight.
2. They should give pleasing look.
3. They should be capable of taking load of a
man safely, after they are supported on
reapers.
4. They should be durable.
5. They should be uniform in shape and size.
6. warpage should not exceed 2% along the
edges and 1.5% along the diagonal.
• Type of building
• Type of framework
• Initial cost
• Maintenance requirements
• Fabrication facilities
• Appearance and special features of locality
• Availability of material
• Climate of locality
• SLATE ROOFING TILES

• ALLHABAD TILES

• BURNT CLAY TILES

• CONCRETE TILES
 SLATES
ROOFING
• Extremely low water absorption index,
less than 0.4%, which makes its resistant
to frost damage.

• Consists of bituminous slates called

eternit (generic term for fiber cement).

• Available in three colours-grey,black and

red.

• SIZE- 12’’x6’’, 6mm thickness

• COST- 25-30/Sq.ft
 Slates are obtained from quarries as
blocks

Reduced to slabs after dividing into

sections using diamond or circular saw.

Each slab is divided into thin laminate

or slate by using splitters
 Slates roofs tiles are usually
fixed either with nails or
with hooks.

 Fixing is typically with

double nails onto timber
battens or nailed direclty
onto timbersarking boards.
nails are made up of alloy
and stainless steel.

4/29/2019
LAYING
• Laid such that each slate
overlaps a slate in the next
course below it.

• Two holes are made from

the bed of the slab at the
centre or head so

• Slates are fixed to battens

by copper or zinc nails.

• The spacing of battens

i.e,gauge is determined as
gauge=(length of slate-
lap)/2

• A layer of felt is used

below slate to exclude rain
water and moisture.

SLATES
Battens
OVERLAP
ALLAHABAD
TILES
• Allahabad tiles are generally laid side by side and the joints are
covered with half round tiles.

• It consists of flat broad bottom undertile that alternate with

convex curved overtile.

• Unfertile is flat,tapered,with flanges at the side.

• The overtile is half round and tapered in plan with diameter

tapering from 16 cm at tail to 12 cm at the head.

• The taper in the overtile allow the tile in next course to fit in.

• Vertical battens of size 2.2cmx7.5cm are fixed between sides

of adjacent undertiles and to these half round overtiles.

• Overtiles are fixed to vertical battens with 75 mm nails.

• Cost- 55-145 Sq.ft
BURNT CLAY TILES
 Clay roofing tile is a good choice for homes with a
southwestern, Italian, or Spanish Mission design, or
even for homes with a modern, clean look.

 Tile lasts a long time

 Burnt clay tile roofs are only used for sloping roofs
between about 20° and 50° inclination of rafter.

 Clay tiles are heavy, requiring a strong substructure

and closely spaced battens.

 SIZES- 2’’x6’’
3’’x 8’’(Max)
 COST-45-65/ sq.ft
ADVANTAGE
 Tile won't rot or burn, and it
can't be harmed by insects.

 The color of a clay tile is not

affected by exposure to the
elements, it can easily last for
100of years.

DISADVANTAGE
 A major problem of clay tiles is the
immense loss due to cracking and
breakage.

 Clay tile production is a traditional

village craft in many regions, but
uniform shapes and qualities are
difficult to achieve.
 Special properties- Durable, waterproof
cladding for sloped roofs

 Economical aspects -Low to medium costs

 Resistance to earthquake- Low

 Resistance to hurricane- Medium to good

 Resistance to rain- Very good

 Resistance to insects -Very good

 Climatic suitability- All climates, but most

common in humid areas
PROCESS USED TO CREATE
OBJECTS OF A FIXED, CROSS-
SECTIONAL PROFILE
 Burnt clay tiles requires
inspections at least twice a year
so as to last for further years.
 They often develop cracks with
years.
 A cracked tile needs to be
replaced or repaired in place.
 Mix up a small amount of mortar
and carefully fill in the crack. Be
sure to wet the tile with plenty of
water to help the mortar set up
properly.

 Tiles will be slippery when wet

CONCRETE
TILES
 Plain tiles, pantiles, Roman
tiles, interlocking tiles, and
ridge, hip and valley tiles are
pantiles
made of this material.

 The mixture is composed of

normal Portland cement and
clean well-graded sand. ridge

 The body treated with mineral

granules which have been
coated with color.
Roman tiles
 Durability estimates range from 30 to 50

years.

 Weigh between 9 1/2 and 12 pounds(1

pound =.45 gram) per square foot.

 Size is 265mm by 165 mm and 12mm thick.

 Require low maintenance

 Offer good fire protection and are

resistant to rot and insects.

COST- INR 150 to INR 300/ Sq.ft

The usual lap for plain tiling is 65mm, for pitched roof at 37
degree.

For pitches up to 60 degree the tiles should be twice nailed

in every third course to once nailed in each course.

For pitches exceeding 60 degree all tiles should be nailed

twice.

The nails are usually 38 mm long and may be either

galvanized wrought iron, zinc, copper or composition.
M
A
N PROCESS USED TO CREATE OBJECTS OF A
FIXED, CROSS-SECTIONAL PROFILE
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 THANK U