Bessel’s equation of order k.

2
2
𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2 2
𝑥 2
+ 𝑥 + 𝑥 − 𝑘 𝑦=0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝐽𝑘 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝑌𝑘 (𝑥) , k integer

𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝐽𝑘 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝐽−𝑘 (𝑥) , k non-integer

Jk is called the Bessel function of first kind of order k.
Yk is the Bessel function of second kind of order k.
 Modified Bessel’s equation of order k.
2
2
𝑑 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2 2
𝑥 2
+ 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑘 𝑦=0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝐼𝑘 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝐾𝑘 (𝑥) , k integer

𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝐼𝑘 𝑥 + 𝐶2 𝐼−𝑘 (𝑥) , k non-integer

Ik is called the modified Bessel function of first kind of order k.
Kk is the modified Bessel function of second kind of order k.
Trigonometric approximations
2 𝜋 𝜋𝑘
𝐽𝑘 𝑥 ≈ cos 𝑥 − −
𝑥𝜋 4 2

2 𝜋 𝑘𝜋
𝑌𝑘 (𝑥) ≈ sin 𝑥 − −
𝑥𝜋 4 2
1
𝐼𝑘 (𝑥) ≈ 𝑒𝑥
2𝜋𝑥
𝜋 −𝑥
𝐾𝑘 (𝑥) ≈ 𝑒
2𝑥
 The generalized Bessel equation
𝑑2 𝑥
2 𝑟
𝑑𝑥 2𝑠 𝑟 2 2𝑟
𝑡 + 𝑡 𝑎 + 2𝑏𝑡 + (𝑐 + 𝑑𝑡 − 𝑏 1 − 𝑎 − 𝑟 𝑡 + 𝑏 𝑡 𝑥=0
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡

Solution
𝑏 𝑟
(1−𝑎)/2 − 𝑟 𝑡
𝑥 𝑡 = 𝑡 𝑒 𝐶1 𝑍𝑝 𝑢 + 𝐶2 𝑍−𝑝 (𝑢)
where
1 𝑠 1 1−𝑎 2
𝑢= 𝑠
𝑑 𝑡 and 𝑝 = 𝑆 2
−𝑐

𝑑≥0 𝑑<0
𝑝 integer: 𝐽𝑝 and 𝑌𝑝 𝑝 integer: 𝐼𝑝 and 𝐾𝑝
𝑝 non integer: 𝐽𝑝 and 𝐽−𝑝 𝑝 non integer: 𝐼𝑝 and 𝐼−𝑝