Professional Documents
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INDIRECT TAXES
• Refresh memory on indirect taxes – difference between incidence and impact of taxation
• Different kinds of indirect taxes – excise, service, customs, sales tax
• Legislative authority to levy indirect taxes flows from the Seventh Schedule read with the
other provisions of the Indian Consitution
• Excise Duty – Union List, Entry 84 (excise on tobacco and other goods manufactured in
India except alcoholic liquors, opium, narcotic drugs) and State List, Entry 51
• State Sales Tax or VAT (intra state) – State List, Entry 54
• Central Sales Tax (inter state trade or commerce) – Union List, Entry 92A
• Restaurant bill example – Note that the service tax rate has increased since the one used in
the next slide. It is presently at 15.2%.
EXISTING TAX STRUCTURE
Indian Taxes
Direct Indirect
Luxury,
Excise Duty, VAT Lottery, Entry,
Income Tax Customs Duty Central Sales Service Tax
Ent, Purchase
Tax
EXCISE DUTY
Charging Section: Section 3 of Central Excise Act stipulates that excise duty is levied if: -
• There is a good (moveable and marketable)
• Goods must be mentioned in the Central Excise Tariff Act (CETA).
• Goods must have been manufactured or produced in India.
Excluded Excisable goods: if production or manufacture is in a SEZ then no excise duty is
levied.
Excise duty is not concerned with ownership / sale it is an event based duty which revolves
around the concept of manufacture / production. Taxable event for excise duty is manufacture
but the duty payable is as applicable on date of removal (clearance from factory). While the
collection is deferred, if the goods are not excisable at the time of manufacture, excise duty
cannot be levied at the stage of removal of such goods. CCE v Vazir Sultan (1996) 3 SCC 434.
GOODS
The term ‘goods’ has not been defined in the Central Excise Act.
• As per the judicial interpretation goods must be movable and marketable.
• Moveable means goods, which can be shifted from one place to another place, e.g., motor car,
mobile phone, computer etc. The goods attached to earth are immovable goods, such as, Dams,
Roads, and Buildings etc.
• Marketable means the goods must be capable of being bought or sold. However, excise duty is not
concerned with whether there was actual sale. (Explanation to Sec.2(d) which defines excisable
goods)
• Short shelf life – in the manufacture of animal feed supplements Vitamin A was manufactured
as an intermediate product which was captively consumed. The shelf life of the intermediate
product was two / three days. It was held that though the good had a limited shelf life as it was
capable of being bought and sold in such short period it was marketable and thus dutiable.
EXCISABLE GOODS
Indian
Taxes
Direct Indirect
Customs
Central GST
Duty