PENYEBAB HYPOTHYROIDISM

DAN HYPERTHYROIDISM
Hypothalamus-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidsm
Primer
• Diffuse Toxic Hyperplasia
• Toxic multinodular goiter
• Toxic adenoma
• Iodine-induced hyperthyroidism
Sekunder
• TSH secretting pituitary adenoma
Diffuse Toxic Hyperplasia
Plummer’s Disease
 It refers to a spectrum of
disease ranging from Toxic
multinodular goiter and Toxic
adenoma
 Somatic mutation in TSH
receptor
 uncontrolled release of
Thyroid Hormon
Jod – Basedow effect
 Thyroid hyper function, ingest extra iodine ,
Hyperthyroidism
 Without control Pituitary cause thyroid gland to
function
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidsm
Primer
• Developmental (Thyroid dysgenesis)
• Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome
• Post ablative
• Autoimmune : Hashimoto Thyroiditis
• Iodine deficiency
• Drug
• Dyshormonogenetic Goiter
Sekunder
• Hypothalamus failure (rare)
• Pituitary failure
Primer
 Developmental (Thyroid dysgenesis : PAX8, FOXE 1
dan TSH reseptors mutation: resisten TSH)
 Thyroid hormone resistance syndrome (THRB
mutation)
 Post ablative (surgery, radioiodine therapy, external
radiation)
 Autoimmune : Hashimoto Thyroiditis (breakdown in
self tolerance to thyroid autoantigen)
 Iodine deficiency
 Drug (lithium, iodides, p-aminosalicyic acid) : anti
thyroid effect
 Dyshormonogenetic Goiter (Enzym defect in Thyroid
hormon sintesis  Thyroid hyperplasia )
Sekunder
 Pituitary Failure (adenoma)
 Hypothalamus Failure