ANTENNA AND WAVE

PROPAGATION

WAVE PROPAGATION:-
Submitted by:-
Rajni Oraon
Enrollmant number:-BT/EEE/15/005

GUIDED BY:-Raghuwansh Sir

 WAVE PROPAGATION

•Wave propagation is any of the ways in which waves travel.

•With respect to the direction of the oscillation relative to the

propagation direction, we can distinguish between longitudinal
wave and transverse waves.

•For electromagnetic waves, propagation may occur in a

vacuum as well as in a material medium. Other wave types
cannot propagate through a vacuum and need a transmission
medium to exist
 SURFACE WAVE PROPAGATION
• For surface wave propagation antenna should
vertically installed.
• It travels along the surface of the earth.
• It supported at the lower edge of the ground.
• Such propagation takes place when the transmitting
and receiving antenna are close to each others and
close to the surface of the earth also.
• The propagation is preferred for AM broadcasting in
the frequency range 535-1605kHz and can be
increased only by increasing the power of the
transmitter.
• Electric field strength decreases expnentially.
 SPACE WAVE PROPAGATION

• It is also called as Line Of Sight(LOS) propagation.

• Used at very high frequency range that is above the

30 MHz.

• It is preferred mostly for the T.V. transmission and

reception.

• Total range of propagation depend upon the height of

transmitting and receiving antenna.
 SKY WAVE PROPAGTION

• The radiowaves are reflected from a particular layer

and again reach the ground which controls total range
of transmission.

• It is horizontally polarized wave.

• Here, long distance communication is possible by

using this type of propagation
thankyou