Organizing

Knowledge
 Tree
Dog
Wedding
Rodrigo Duterte
Beach
It is a way of grouping or categorizing
objects or events in our mind.
Concepts as Feature Lists
 Learning a concept involves learning
specific features that characterize
positive instance of the concept.
Concepts as Feature Lists
 Defining Feature
It is a characteristic present in ALL
instances.
Bicycle
Concepts as Feature Lists
 Correlational Feature
It is one that is present in many
positive instances but not essential for
concept membership.
Concepts as Prototypes
A prototype is an idea or a visual image of
a “typical” example. It is usually formed
based on the positive instances that
learners encounter most often.
Paris

Eiffel Tower

Louvre Museum
Concepts as Exemplars
Exemplars represent a variety of examples
where it allows learners to know that an
example under a concept may have
variability.
Making Concept-learning
Effective
 As a future teacher, you can help
students learn concepts by doing the
following:
Making Concept-learning
Effective
 Provide a clear definition of the concept.
 Make the defining features very concrete
and prominent.
 Give a variety of positive instances.
 Give negative instances.
 Cite a “best example” or a prototype.
 Provide opportunity for learners to identify
positive and negative instances.
 Ask learners to think of their own example of
the concept.
 Point out how concepts can be related to
each other.
Schema
 Itis an organized body of knowledge
about something or it is like a file of
information you hold in your mind about
something.
Script
It is a schema that includes a series of
predictable events about a specific
activity.
Applying Constructivism in
Facilitating Learning
 Aim to make learners understand a few
key ideas in an in-depth manner, rather
than taking up so many topics
superficially.
 Give varied examples.
 Provide opportunities for quality
interaction.
 Have a lots of hands-on activities.
 Relate your topic to real life situations.
 Do not depend on the explanation
method all the time.
Thank you for listening!