Acute Infection

In an HBsAg-positive individual, the differential

diagnosis should include acute hepatitis B,
reactivation of chronic HBV infection, HBeAg
seroconversion to anti-HBe flare, superinfection by
other hepatitis viruses, and liver injury resulting from
other causes.
• After 1 - 2 Weeks : HBsAg and HBeAg
• HBeAg -nonstructural nucleocapsid protein, is a
marker of HBV replication

• The viral genome can remain in an active form in

peripheral blood mononuclear cells for more than 5
years after complete clinical and serologic recovery
from acute viral hepatitis B.
• In cases of accidental needlestick exposure or
exposure of mucous membranes or open cuts to
HBsAg-positive blood, hepatitis B immune globulin
(HBIG) should be administered within 24 hours of
exposure and again 25 to 30 days later to
nonimmunized patients
• Liver transplantation is also used for some severe
cases of liver disease caused by HBV, although the
new organ usually becomes infected with HBV.
Epidemiology
• The TTV has been associated with posttransfusion
hepatitis of unknown etiology (non–A-G).
• There is evidence that TTV may be transmitted not
only by parenteral exposure to blood, but also by
the fecal-oral route and from mother to child.
Signs and Symptomas
• no clear disease association
• Pathogenicity of TTV has not been proven.