• Infections

• The central nervous system may be the target of infections from four
main entry routes, dissemination through blood is the most frequent
route, direct implantation of the germ by trauma or iatrogenic causes,
local extension secondary to local infection and The peripheral
nervous system itself, as in rabies. When presenting any infection of
this type you need urgent assistance, in some cases you even need
emergency surgery.
• Cerebritis
• It is a focal inflammation of the brain caused by processes secondary
to meningitis, local extension of lesions in the middle ear or mastoid
sinuses, hematogenous associated with bacterial endocarditis,
congenital cyanotic cardiopathies and pulmonary bronchiectasis or
trauma with CNS open lesion . Cerebritis is shown as poorly delimited
areas of swelling, congestion and soft appearance with possible
necrosis. Brain abscesses show a rounded cavity of 1-2 cm, filled with
pus and limited by gliosis.
• Encephalitis and myelitis
• They are acute diffuse inflammatory processes that produce neuronal
death and encephalic swelling with peri-vascular accumulation of lymphoid
cells and astrocytic gliosis. In viral encephalitis there is a remarkable
trophism of some viruses by certain specific cells in which the possibility of
latency of some viruses is important in the central nervous system.
Microscopically, perivascular and parenchymal infiltrates of mononuclear
cells such as lymphocytes or microglia cells are noted.
• Mycotic infections produce vasculitis-as in the case of candida, mucorales
and Aspergillus-chronic meningitis and invasion of the parenchyma, such as
Cryptococcus neoformans -frequently associated with AIDS with a
particularly fulminating character.