-Ramanpreet Bhatti

1876
1. BUFFER SYSTEM OF BODY FLUIDS: it forms the
first line of defence. It act instantaneously in
ECF and immediately combine with h ion to
prevent changes in H ion concentration.
2. RESPIRATORY MECHANISM TO REGULATE ACID
BASE BALANCE: It forms the second line of
defence. It acts within a few minutes, acts via
respiratory centre to regulate the removal of
carbon dioxide.
3. RENAL MECHANISM TO REGULATE ACID BASE
BALANCE: it forms the third line of defence. It
takes days and weeks. It is slow but most
powerful and effective in regulating pH.
BUFFER SYSTEM: PRIMARY DEFENCE
A buffer is a solution consisting of a weak acid and its
salt with a strong base that prevents a change in pH
when H ion are added to or removed form a solution.

When acid is added to a buffer solution, its H ion

concentration is increased and the reaction is forced
towards right leading to an increase in undissociated
molecules, therefore, increase in H ion concentration
is less.
When base is added to a buffer, reaction shifts towards
left; more H ions are released fro the buffer to combine
with the base, thereby limiting the decrease in H ion
concentration.